Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

D&T 4 exam 1 > OCP > Flashcards

OCP Flashcards

1
Q

where is most estrogen produced?

A

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who makes estrogen in premenopausal women

A

granulosa cells or fetoplacental unit during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the predominant estrogen type in postmenopausal women

A

estrone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is estrone made

A

liver and adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the most potent estrogen

A

17beta-estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rank the potency of estrogens from strongest to weakest

A
  1. 17beta-estradiol
  2. estrone
  3. estiol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

all gonadal hormones are synthesized from what

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what converts androstenedione or testosterone to steroidal estrogens

A

aromatization of the A ring - catalyzed by aromatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what estrogens does the placenta make and how?

A

estrone and estriol

DHEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

all 3 estrogens are excreted how from body

A

along with glucuronide and sulfate conjugates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

estrogen impact on ovaries

A
  • stimulate follicular growth

- too much , atrophy of ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

estrogen impact on uterus

A

endometrial growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

estrogen impact on vagina

A
  • cornification of epithelial cells

- thickening and stratification of epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

estrogen impact on cervix

A
  • increase cervical mucous

- lowers viscosity ( favors sperm access)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

estrogen impact on cholestrol

A

hypocholesterolemic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

estrogen impact on electrolytes

A

retention of Na, Cl and water by kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is progesterone secreted

A

corpus luteum
adrenal cortex
testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

once fertilization occurs what hormone is secreted

A

hCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

during 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy what does the placenta secrete

A

E2 and P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name 3 actions of progestrone

A
  1. development of secretory endometrium
  2. increase viscosity
  3. maintain pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what happens to the women body when progesterone levels decline

A

menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is GnRh, FSH, and LH secreted. what phase are they secreted in

A

GnRH: intermittent
FSH and LH: pulsatile

Follicular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

both LH and FSH stimulate what in the follicular phase

A

Graafian follicle growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FSH by it self stimulates what in the follicular phase

A

maturation and estrogen production

by granulose cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are estrogen effects on pituitary during early follicular phase

A

inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are estrogen effects on pituitary during midcycle follicular phase

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is essential for ovulation

A

LH surge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what follows LH surge

A

follicle rupture within 24-48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

progesterone is under influence of what hormone

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are 3 therapeutic uses for estrogen and progestins

A

contraception

postmenopausal hormone therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

when is conjugated estrogens used

A

post menopausal

32
Q

what is the difference between third generation and second generation contraceptives

A

third: less acne, nausea, lipid changes

33
Q

how does monophasic contraceptive work

A
  • constant estrogen and progesterone for 21 days

- iron or placebo 7 days

34
Q

how does biphasic contraceptive work

A

2 different levels of progesterone

constant amount of estrogen

35
Q

how does triphasic contraceptive work? 3 versions

A
  1. 3 levels of progesterone/ constant estrogen
  2. 1 dose of progesterone, 3 doses estrogen
  3. 21 days of estrogen/progesterone
36
Q

What is the goal for extended COC

A

attempt to alter the number of pill free interval days

37
Q

what is YAZ FDA approved for

A

premenstrual dysphoric disorder -PMDD

38
Q

What is the combination of YAZ

A

EE and drospirenone (DSRP)

39
Q

what is the combination of Yasmin? what is difference of Yaz and Yasmin

A

EE and drospirenone (DSRP)

Yasmin not FDA approved for PMDD

40
Q

What are symptoms for Mircette

A

fewer menstrual symptoms such as:

estrogen-withdrawal headaches, bloating, and menstrual pain

41
Q

Drospirenone is a derivative of what drug? side effect

A

spironolactone

- hyperkalemia

42
Q

what is the combination for Seasonale

A

levonorgestral - EE

43
Q

how is Seasonale taken

A

84 days straight

7 days placebo

44
Q

Compare Seasonique and Seasonale

A

Seasonque: 7 days of EE instead of placebo

  • better follicular suppresion
  • less unscheduled bleeding
45
Q

how is Lybrel taken

A

365 days

- no placebo or pill free days

46
Q

what is the combination for Lybrel

A

EE and Levonorgestrel

47
Q

advantage for transdermal contraceptive

A

avoids first pass effect through liver

- less adverse effect on liver

48
Q

disadvantages for transderma contraceptive

A

skin irritation/rash

thrombosis

49
Q

what estrogen is used in monophasic CO

A

mestranol converts to ethinyl estradiol

50
Q

name 3 types of progestins

A

pregnanes
estranes
gonanes

51
Q

what is adjusted in pill when side effects occur

A

progestational and androgenic activity

52
Q

Name progestational and androgenic activity

A

Levonorgestrel and Norgestrel

53
Q

what progesterone has lowest androgenic activity

A

Desogestrel
Norgestimate
Gestodene
Drosperinone

54
Q

What progesterone has anti-androgen and anti-mineralocortcoid

A

Drosperinone

55
Q

what are side effects of Drosperinone

A

hyperkalemia
less weight gain
reduces acne

56
Q

how do COC work

A
  • inhibit ovulation
  • thicken endocervical fluid - reduces sperm penetration
  • endometrium unsuitable for eggl implanation
57
Q

how does progesterone work in COC

A

diminishes frequency and amplitude of GnRH and LH

58
Q

how does estrogen work in COC

A

suppresses pituitary release of FSH in follicular phase ( negative feedback)

59
Q

when are monophasic COC effective ? triphasic ?

A

within 21 days

triphasic: 7 days

60
Q

what happens when dosing varies?

A
  • increase failure in the beginning of pack

- increase adverse effects due to greater fluctuations in hormones

61
Q

what are side effects that are most important factor for discontinuation of OC

A
  • nausea, headache, migraines, weight gain
  • higher incidence of thrombosis formation
    • increase platelet aggregation
    • higher levels of hepatic coagulation factors
  • incidence of hypertension in some patients
62
Q

what is the greatest contraindication for OC

A

cigarette smoker over age 35

63
Q

what are 5 risks for OC

A
  1. venous thromboembolism
  2. myocardial infarction
  3. stroke
  4. gall bladder disease
  5. breast cancer
64
Q

what are non-contraceptive benefits for OC

A
  • increase bone mineral density
  • decrease acne
  • decreased epithelial ovarian cancer
65
Q

when do you to adjust lower estrogen

A
  • nausea and vomiting
  • headaches and migraine
  • CYCLIC weight gain
  • hypermenorrhea
  • leg cramps, edema
  • hypertension
66
Q

when do you to adjust higher estrogen

A
  • vasomotor symptoms ( hot flashes)
  • early spotting or bleeding between
  • hypomenorrhea
67
Q

when do you to adjust less progesterone

A

depression

reduced breast size

68
Q

when you adjust to less androgenic activity

A

acne or oily skin

NONCYCLIC weight gain

69
Q

when do you adjust to higher progesterone dose

A

late bleeding

hypermenorrhea

70
Q

what do you if you miss 1 dose of OC
days 22-28
days 1-21

A

22-28: take remaining pills on schedule
1-21: take pill as soon as discovered
– max is 2 pills a day

71
Q

when is greatest potential for failure of pill if you miss it

A

first 5 days

72
Q

what do you if you miss 2 doses of OC
days 1-14
days 15-21

A

1-14: take extra pill for 2 days

15-21: stop pack and start new cycle

73
Q

what drug can women with migraines and depression use

A

Minipill - progesterone only

74
Q

if a mother just delivered and they are not nursing, when can they start OC

A

4 weeks after delivery

- greater than 2 weeks due to risk of blood clots

75
Q

nursing mothers should use what OC

A

Minipill - progesterone only

76
Q

why can’t smoker take OC

A

smoking induces P450

  • therefore smokers must use higher doses of estrogen and progesterone
  • this leads to greater failure if pills missed due to increased clearance
77
Q

OC should not be taken with other drugs

A

Tetracycline, PENICILLIN V, erythromycin and ampicillin

D&T 4 exam 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions