HPV, pap smear prep Flashcards
Laboratory test in which cells from the cervix and vagina of a female (rectum of male) are evaluated to look for cancerous or precancerous changes
pap test
Pap test is most effective screening for what
squamous cell carcinoma
from where are cells taken from for pap
cervix
endocervical canal
what else does liquid pap smear test for
HPV
chlamydia
gonorrhea
when can HPV be tested? What is this called?
“reflex testing” :only when atypical cells are found on pap
“co-testing” : tested along with Pap
what organisms are seen in pap smear that are reported?
yeast, candida
trichomonas
herpes
what are epitheila cell abnoramilities seen in pap smear
- squamous cells finding atypical to dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma
- glandular cells: atypical to adenocarcinoma
what method has the highest sensitivity to picking up high grade lesions, then rank them to best to worse
- liquid based plus test for high risk HPV
- liquid-based pap
- conventional pap
what is the paradox of pap smear? why does this happen
less efficient in detecting invasive cancer than in finding preinvasive disease
- abundant blood and obscuring inflammation present with invasive cancer and poor sampling of actual cancer cells
What is the most important reason for failure
women who fail to get screened
what type of screening should women above 30 get?
pap and HPV testing together
- cotesting
what type of screening should women age 21-20 get
pap smear with high risk HPV testing
“reflux” testing
What type of treatment do adolescent women ( below age of 20 ) get?
treated conservatively
- as long as HPV infection resolves
If abnormalities detected in pap test what further test can be done
colposcopy
what is colpscopy
cervix visualized with microscope
- biopsies taken if needed
