Uterine pathology Flashcards
Phases of the endometrium and associated hormones (4)
Proliferative (oestrogen)
Secretory (progesterone)
Menstrual (hormone withdrawal)
Fertilised (progesterone and hCG)
How is the secretory endometrium distinguished?
Glands are more tortuous, more luminal secretions
What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?
Abnormal uterine bleeding with no known organic cause
Important aspects of history in AUB (5)
Age LMP and normal cycle Recent pregnancy Pattern of bleeding Hormonal drug history
Methods of a) visualising and b) sampling the endometrium
a) Transvaginal ultrasound
Hysteroscope
b) Endometrial pipelle
Dilatation and curettage
Most common causes of dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Anovulatory cycles
Luteal phase deficiency
When do anovulatory cycles most commonly occur and what medical condition can cause this?
Extremes of reproductive age.
PCOS
Infective causes of endometritis (3)
STI (chlamydia and gonorrheoa)
CMV
HSV
Non-infective causes of endometritis (2)
Instrumentation (e.g. curettage, abortion)
Granulomatous
Common, usually benign lesions often seen perimenopause
Endometrial polyps
Why should you be cautious in a patient with endometrial polyps?
May be presenting feature of hyperplasia or malignancy
How does molar pregnancy classically present?
Uterus large for dates, hyper-emesis
What is the name given to the condition where glandular tissue extends into the myometrium, and can present with dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia?
Adenomyosis
What is the other name for uterine fibroids?
Leiomyoma
What are fibroids?
Benign smooth muscle tumours seen in uterus, also small gut and oesophagus
