Exam 5- neonatal

Question 1

What is a normal APGAR score immediately following birth?

Answer 1

Above 7

Question 2

Treatment of newborns at Hep B risk?

Answer 2

Vaccination + immunoglobulin

Question 3

Subperiosteal, fluctuant swelling which may take weeks to be reabsorbed, associated with ventouse

Answer 3

Cephalohaematoma

Question 4

Superficial swelling over the presenting part

Answer 4

Caput succedaneum

Question 5

How long should cord-clamping be delayed for?

Answer 5

At least one minute

Question 6

What causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 6

Over-inflation of pre-term lungs

Question 7

Machinery murmur in the pulmonary area

Answer 7

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 8

Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 8

Dexamethasone
NSAIDs (ibuprofen, indomethacin)

Question 9

What is intraventricular haemorrhage?

Answer 9

Haemorrhage in pre-term babies, begins with bleeding into the germinal matrix

Question 10

Most common surgical emergency in neonates, particularly pre-term

Answer 10

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 11

Common organisms in neonatal infection (4)

Answer 11

Group B strep
E coli
Listeria
Haemophilus

Question 12

Causes of hydrops fetalis (2)

Answer 12

Rhesus disease

Parvovirus

Question 13

Persistentbilious vomiting within hours of birth, and “double bubble” appearance of duodenum and stomach on X-ray

Answer 13

Duodenal atresia

Question 14

Difference between gastroschisis and exomphalos

Answer 14

gastroschisis -there is no peritoneum

Question 15

Absence of parasympathetic ganglia in the colon, often extending to the rectum, causing functional colonic obstruction

Answer 15

Hirchsprung’s disease/congenital megacolon

Question 16

What causes hydrocele?

Answer 16

Excess fluid between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

Question 17

“Telescoping” of proximal bowel into distal

Answer 17

Intussusception

Question 18

What causes intussusception? Where in the bowel does it usually occur?

Answer 18

Viral hypertrophy of peyer’s patches.

Around ileocaecal valve

Question 19

Children aged 3 months to 2 years
crampy abd pain
vomiting
“redcurrant jelly” stools

Answer 19

Intussusception

Question 20

Painless rectal bleeding, usually around 2 years old

Answer 20

Meckel’s diverticulum

Question 21

4 week year old with non-bilious projectile vomiting and “olive-shaped” mass just above the umbilicus

Answer 21

Pyloric stenosis

Question 22

What investigation is diagnostic in necrotizing enterocolitis?

Answer 22

Abd X-ray- shows gas cysts in the bowel wall

Question 23

Moderate learning difficulties + jaundice + cerebral palsy + chorioretinitis

Answer 23

CMV

Question 24

Blistering rash + conjunctivitis + jaundice + hepatosplenomegaly in first 3/52 after birth

Answer 24

Herpes simplex

Question 25

Purulent conjunctivitis after birth +/- pneumonia

Answer 25

Chlamydia trachomatis