Exam 5- neonatal Flashcards
What is a normal APGAR score immediately following birth?
Above 7
Treatment of newborns at Hep B risk?
Vaccination + immunoglobulin
Subperiosteal, fluctuant swelling which may take weeks to be reabsorbed, associated with ventouse
Cephalohaematoma
Superficial swelling over the presenting part
Caput succedaneum
How long should cord-clamping be delayed for?
At least one minute
What causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
Over-inflation of pre-term lungs
Machinery murmur in the pulmonary area
Patent ductus arteriosus
Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus
Dexamethasone NSAIDs (ibuprofen, indomethacin)
What is intraventricular haemorrhage?
Haemorrhage in pre-term babies, begins with bleeding into the germinal matrix
Most common surgical emergency in neonates, particularly pre-term
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Common organisms in neonatal infection (4)
Group B strep
E coli
Listeria
Haemophilus
Causes of hydrops fetalis (2)
Rhesus disease
Parvovirus
Persistentbilious vomiting within hours of birth, and “double bubble” appearance of duodenum and stomach on X-ray
Duodenal atresia
Difference between gastroschisis and exomphalos
gastroschisis -there is no peritoneum
Absence of parasympathetic ganglia in the colon, often extending to the rectum, causing functional colonic obstruction
Hirchsprung’s disease/congenital megacolon
What causes hydrocele?
Excess fluid between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
“Telescoping” of proximal bowel into distal
Intussusception
What causes intussusception? Where in the bowel does it usually occur?
Viral hypertrophy of peyer’s patches.
Around ileocaecal valve
Children aged 3 months to 2 years
crampy abd pain
vomiting
“redcurrant jelly” stools
Intussusception
Painless rectal bleeding, usually around 2 years old
Meckel’s diverticulum
4 week year old with non-bilious projectile vomiting and “olive-shaped” mass just above the umbilicus
Pyloric stenosis
What investigation is diagnostic in necrotizing enterocolitis?
Abd X-ray- shows gas cysts in the bowel wall
Moderate learning difficulties + jaundice + cerebral palsy + chorioretinitis
CMV
Blistering rash + conjunctivitis + jaundice + hepatosplenomegaly in first 3/52 after birth
Herpes simplex
Purulent conjunctivitis after birth +/- pneumonia
Chlamydia trachomatis
