Normal newborn

Question 1

What constitutes a a) “term” baby b) pre-term baby?

Answer 1

Born between 37 and 40+6 weeks

Born between 24 weeks and 36+6

Question 2

Weight gain per day in the 3rd trimester?

Answer 2

Approx 24g/day

Question 3

Normal weight of the neonate?

Answer 3

2.5-4.0kg

Question 4

Important physiological changes following birth (2)

Answer 4

Alveolar expansion

Switch from foetal to newborn circulation (closure of foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus)

Question 5

Components of the APGAR score?

Answer 5

Two points for each of the following:
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

Question 6

“Normal” APGAR score?

Answer 6

Above 7

Question 7

Treatment of newborns at risk of Hep B?

Answer 7

vaccination and immunoglobulin

Question 8

How should Group B strep +ve mothers be treated?

Answer 8

Intrapartum antibiotics (IV)

Question 9

Routine vaccinations at 2 months

Answer 9

DTaP/IPV/Hib
PCV
Rotavirus
Meningtis B

Question 10

Screening tests carried out following birth (3)

Answer 10

Hearing screening
Hip screening (Barlow and Ortolani tests)
Heel prick test

Question 11

Metabolic diseases tested for in heelprick test?

Answer 11

Phenylketonuria
Congenital hypothyroidism
MCCAD
Haemoglobinopathies

Question 12

When is newborn examination carried out?

Answer 12

Immediately following birth by midwife, and at 24 hours

Question 13

Bulging/tense fontanelles

Answer 13

Increased ICP

Question 14

Subperiosteal, fluctuant swelling which may take weeks to be reabsorbed

Answer 14

Cephalohaematoma

Question 15

Caput succedaneum

Answer 15

Swelling over the presenting part

Question 16

When would the red reflex be absent?

Answer 16

Congenital cataracts; retinoblastoma

Question 17

What are Ebstein’s pearls?

Answer 17

Small cysts on the palate, do not need treatment

Question 18

Signs of respiratory distress?

Answer 18

Nasal flaring and sternal in-drawing

Question 19

What is bile-stained vomiting a sign of?

Answer 19

Intestinal obstruction

Question 20

A large clitoris in a young girl may indicate…

Answer 20

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, due to failure to synthesize cortisol and subsequent excess androgen production