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neuro > usmle gold: misc > Flashcards

usmle gold: misc Flashcards

1
Q

Fastest growing tumor

A

Burkitt’s

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2
Q

PE’s are found in half of all

A

autopsies

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3
Q

Courvoisier’s Law:

A

tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders, but obstructing
gallstones do not (too much scarring), so if you can palpate the gallbladder you’e probably looking at cancer.

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4
Q

Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm:

A

Pox

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5
Q

Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus:

A

Influenza

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6
Q

Bacillus anthracis has the only

A

protein capsule

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7
Q

Bordetella pertussis (Whooping Cough) elicits

A

lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis

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8
Q

Bronchioalveolar carcinomas grow without destroying

A

normal architecture of the lung

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9
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans often lacks a

A

capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks just like Pneumycistis
carinii, except that Cryptococcus lacks the prominent nucleoli.

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10
Q

Weil Felix reaction:

A

(+)R. rickettssi & (+)Proteus vulgaris & P. mirabilis

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11
Q

Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) tests:

A

1)VDRL 2)FTA-Abs: most widely used 3)TPI (immobilization test – most
expensive but the Gold Standard)

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12
Q

IL 1

A

Monocytes, macrophages

Stimulates T cell proliferation & IL2 produciton

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13
Q

IL 2

A

Macrophages, T & NK cells Stim prolif of B, T & NK cell

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14
Q

IL 3

A

T cells

GF of tissue mast cells & hematopoietic stem cells

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15
Q

IL 4

A

T cells

↑ growth of B & T cells/ ↑ HLA II Ags

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16
Q

IL 5

A

T cells

Maturation of B ! plasma cell

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17
Q

IL 6

A

T cells, monocytes

Maturation of B & T cell/ (-) fibroblasts

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18
Q

IFN α

A

B cells, macrophages

Antiviral activity

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19
Q

IFN β

A

Fibroblasts

Antiviral activity

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20
Q

IFN gamma

A

T & NK cells

Antiviral activity, (+) macrophages, ↑ HLA II Ags

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21
Q

TNF α

A

Macrophages, T & NK cells

T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity

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22
Q

TNF β

A

T cells

T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity

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23
Q

VHL

A

3p

Von Hippel Lindau, Renal Cell CA

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24
Q

APC

A

5p

Familial adenomatous polyposis, Colon CA

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25
Q

WT-1

A

11p

Wilm’s tumor

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26
Q

Rb

A

13q

Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma

27
Q

BRCA-2

A

13q

Breast CA

28
Q

p53

A

17p

Most human Cas

29
Q

NF-1

A

17q

Neurofibromatosis type 1

30
Q

BRCA-1

A

17q

Breast CA, Ovarian CA

31
Q

DCC

A

18q

Colon & Stomach CA

32
Q

DPC

A

18q Pancreatic CA

33
Q

NF-2

A

22q Neurofibromatosis type 2 = bilateral acoustic neuroma

34
Q

Resistance in Series:

A

Add all

35
Q

Resistance in Parallel:

A

Invert the answer

36
Q

Filtration Fraction =

A

GFR/RPF

37
Q

GFR:

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

38
Q

RPF:

A

Renal Plasma Flow

39
Q

Filtered Load =

A

GFR x [Conc]

40
Q

Excretion Rate =

A

[Urine] x VelUrine

41
Q

Clearance =

A

[Urine] x Vel(Urine) / [plasma]
or
Excretion / [Plasma]

42
Q

Clearance of PAH =

A

[ERPF]

43
Q

ERPF:

A

Eff renal plasma flow

44
Q

Renal Blood Flow =

A

ERPF / 1 - Hct

45
Q

Free Water Clearance =

A

VelUrine - Urine(osm) x Vel(urine) / P(osm)

46
Q

CO =

A

HR x SV

47
Q

CO =

A

O2(consumed) / PulmonaryA VO difference

48
Q

Pulse Pressure =

A

Systolic – Diastolic

49
Q

MAP =

A

Diastolic + 1/3 Pulse Pressure

50
Q

CO =

A

MAP / TPR

51
Q

MAP =

A

TPR x CO

52
Q

F =

A

P1− P2 / R

53
Q

PAO2 =

A

(760 – 47) FO2 - (PACO2 / R)

FO2 = [O2]
PACO2 = Alv. Press. Of CO2
R = Resp. Exchange Ratio
CO2 produced / O2 consumed
 ≅ .8 or 1
54
Q

Flow =

A

O2 consumed / AtoVO difference

55
Q

Velgas Diffusion =

A

(Area / thickness) x Gas Diffusion Constant x Difference of Partial Pressure

56
Q

VentTot =

A

VentTidal x #of Respirations

57
Q

VentAlv =

A

(VentTidal – VentDead) x # of Respirations

58
Q

Compliance =

A

Vol / Press

59
Q

P =

A

Tension / Radius

60
Q

1.0 =

A

Va/Q

61
Q

Diffusing Capacity =

A

COuptake / PACO2

62
Q

Resp Doubles:

A

150mmHg & 40mmHg

63
Q

New PCO2 =

A

20

64
Q

New PO2 =

A

170

neuro (18 decks)

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