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neuro > gold usmle: cardio pharm > Flashcards

gold usmle: cardio pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Digoxin

A

↓ AV nodal conduction/ inh. Na/K/Atpase = inc. Ca conc. in heart cells = inc. contraction force

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2
Q

Diltiazem

A

Txt black men. Txt AV nodal re entrance

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3
Q

Quinidine

A

↓ AV nodal conduction. Cinchonism. Anticholinergic= aggravate MG. Hypotension= α block

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4
Q

Verapamil

A

↓ AV nodal conduction. ↓ BP. Negative inotrope= no CHF use

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5
Q

Propranolol

A

↓ AV nodal conduction. ↓ BP. Negative inotrope(= β block) Aggravates Asthma and Diabetes Melitus via β2 block.

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6
Q

Diazoxide

A

Balanced vasodilator.

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7
Q

Niroprusside

A

Balanced vasodilator. Unloads heart. ↑s cyanide= pre-txt w/ thiosulfate. Txt Acute HTN’v Crisis

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8
Q

Reserpine

A

Txt severe & resistant HTN. Depletes CA. See stuffy nose. No to pts w/ peptic ulcers.

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9
Q

Dobutamine

A

At high doses β2(+) offsets α1 = β1 ↑ CO w/o systemic vascular resistance

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10
Q

Dopamine

A

At low doses Txt Shock= dilates renal and mesenteric aa= maintain urine output

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11
Q

Esmolol

A

Short acting β(-)

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12
Q

Captopril

A

Balanced vasodilator. Txt Outpt. CHF see dry cough(bradykinin induced)

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13
Q

Digoxin

A

Txt CHF & Atrial Flutter - inotropic - ↓ K+ levels= dig. Toxicity

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14
Q

Dig. Toxicity

A

Fatal ventricular arrhythmias w/ sever AV block

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15
Q

Quinidine

A

ClassIa anti arrhythmic. Moderate Na Ch. Block

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16
Q

Lidocaine

A

ClassIb anit arrhythmic. Normalizes conduction. Txt initial MI= control arrhythmias

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17
Q

Flecanide

A

ClassIc anti arrhythmic. Marked conduction slowing

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18
Q

Amiodarone

A

Long t1/2= need potent doses to obtain desired level for action. See blue skin, ocular deposits, Pulmonary Fibrosis.

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19
Q

NE

A

↑ AV nodal conduction via β1. Metoprolol(-) β1

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20
Q

Ach

A

↓ AV nodal conduction via M receptor. Atorpine(-) M-r

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21
Q

Atenolol

A

Controls catecholamine induced arrhythmias

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22
Q

Bretylium

A

Txt Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias but causes passing catecholamine release that can aggravate arrhythmias
briefly

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23
Q

Nimodipine

A

Txt Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage by preventing post hemorrhagic vasospasm

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24
Q

Atropine

A

↓ excess vagal tone as seen in Sinus Bradycardia

25
Q

Nitrates

A

↓ preload= venous pooling. ↓ MVO2= reflex tachy. ↑ ventr work= dec O2 demand

26
Q

Propranolol

A

Blocks reflex tachy but causes excess brady= ↑ diastole time= ↑ EDV

27
Q

Verapamil

A

↑ O2 supply via ↓ in vasospasm Txt Prinzmetal’s variant angina

28
Q

Aspirin

A

Prevents arterial platelet adhesion (not DVThrombi). Inactivates COX= ↓ platelet production of TxA2, a potent
vasoconstictor

29
Q

Warfarin

A

(-)Vit. K dependent gamma carboxylation of clotting factors= anticoagulation state

30
Q

Heparin

A

Dependent on Antithrombin III activation

31
Q

TPA

A

Binds to fibrin clots & activates plasminogen on the spot. Short t1/2, given IV.
32. Does not discriminate b/t fibrin-based clots= bleeding & stroke complications arise

32
Q

Streptokinase

A

From bacteria= allergies arise. Can see excess bleeding in post-op pts.

33
Q

Urokinase

A

Human source. ↑ plasmin. Can see excess bleeding in post-op pts.

34
Q

Colestipol

A

Bile acid sequestrants. Interrupt bile acid reabsorption= ↑↑ LDL uptake. Cholestyramine same MOA.

35
Q

Lovastatin

A

HMGCoA reductase(-)= ↑ LDL-r synthesis. Pravastatin/ Mevastatin same MOA.

36
Q

Losartan

A

↓ Aldosterone. ↑ Renin 2-3x’s

37
Q

Diazoxide

A

Txt insulinomas. Not balanced vasodilator= onlt dilates arterial smooth muscle

38
Q

Clonidine

A

Central α2(+). ↓ TPR via ↓ symapthetic effect

39
Q

Methyldopa

A

Central α2(+). (++) Coombs= Hemolytic anemia

40
Q

Phenytoin

A

ClassIb. Reverses mild AV block due to digitoxin toxicity

41
Q

Procainamide

A

ClassIa. SLE like syndrome.

42
Q

Indopamide

A

Only Thiazide that will have no effect on cholesterol levels

43
Q

Thiazides

A

Older black men w/ HTN due to ↑ Renin.

44
Q

β(-)

A

Young white men w/o asthma (cause bronchospasm)

45
Q

ACEIs

A

(-) change AI ! AII. (-) Bradykinin inactivation. Captopril/ Enalapril
47. Cause renal failure = use w/ caution in the elderly

46
Q

Epinephrine

A

↑ contraction rate & force via β1.

  1. ↑ systolic but ↓ diastolic BP.
  2. ↓ peripheral resistance via β2 vasodilaiton
47
Q

Norepi.

A

↑ heart rate and ↑ systolic and diastolic BP

52. ↑ peripheral blood vessel resistance

48
Q

Methyldopa

A

DOC for pregnancy induced HTN

49
Q

Quinidine pre-txt

A

Atrial arrhythmia pretxt w/ a drug that will ↓ ventricular response: Dig.;β(-); Ca Ch.(-)

50
Q

ClassII

A

β(-) ↓risk fo reinfarction & sudden death following MI

51
Q

“Gray man”

A

Amiodarone: ClassIII antiarrhythmia

52
Q

Beperidil

A

Ca Ch(-). Limited clinical use due to Torsades de Pointes

53
Q

ACEIs

A

Vasodilate renal efferents > than afferent arterioles: ↓GFR & Filtration pressure
59. ↓ Diabetic renal failure progression

54
Q

Adenosine

A

Its receptor is blocked by Methylxanthines (ie… Theophyline)

61. Favored for the Txt of Reentrant Supra Ventricular Tachycardia

55
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Low molecular weight heparin = Oral anticoagulant

56
Q

Isoproterenol

A

↑HR & ↓MAP

57
Q

Variant angina

A

Use Ca Ch. (-)r ie… Nifedipine

58
Q

Contraindicated in

CHF

A

β (-)r = you don’t want to ↓ the heart’s pumping strength

neuro (18 decks)

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