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neuro > gold usmle: Hallmark Findings > Flashcards

gold usmle: Hallmark Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation

A

Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)

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2
Q

Antiplatelet Antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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3
Q

Arachnodactyly

A

Marfan’s

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4
Q

Aschoff Bodies

A

Rheumatic fever

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5
Q

Auer Rods

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)

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6
Q

Autosplenectomy

A

Sickle cell anemia: switch a glu ! val in β chain

  1. Low O2 ↑ sickling
  2. Aplastic crisis w/ B19 (Parvovirus ssDNA) infection
  3. Salmonella osteomyelitis
  4. Vaso-occlusive painful crisises
  5. Hydroxyurea as Txt (↑ HbF) & Bone marrow transplant
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7
Q

Babinski

A

UMN lesion

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8
Q

Basophilic Stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning

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9
Q

Bence Jones Protein

A

Multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)

206. Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia

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10
Q

Birbeck Granules

A

Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)

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11
Q

Blue Bloater

A 
Chronic Bronchitis (at least 3 months for at least 2 years of ecessive mucus secretion & chronic
recurrent productive cough)
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12
Q

Boot-Shaped Heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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13
Q

Bouchard’s Nodes

A

Osteoarthritis (Proximal IP joint of the fingers)

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14
Q

Boutonniere’s Deformity

A

Rheumatoid arthritis flex proximal & extend distal IP joints

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15
Q

Brown Tumor

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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16
Q

Brushfield Spots

A

Down’s

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17
Q

Call-Exner Bodies

A

Granulosa cell tumor: associated w/ endometrial hyperplasia & carcinoma
215. Granuloma-Theca cell tumor

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18
Q

Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy

A

Chagas’ Disease

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19
Q

Chancre

A

1° Syphilis

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20
Q

Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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21
Q

Charcot Triad

A

Multiple sclerosis = nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech

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22
Q

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

A

Bronchial asthma

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23
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

A

Cerebral lesion

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24
Q

Chocolate Cysts

A

Endometriosis

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25
Q

Chvostek’s Sign

A

Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany

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26
Q

Clue Cells

A

Gardnerella vaginitis

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27
Q

Codman’s Triangle

A

Osteosarcoma

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28
Q

Cold Agglutinins

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

227. Infectious mononucleosis

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29
Q

Condyloma Lata

A

2° Syphilis

229. New coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel

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30
Q

Cotton Wool Spots

A

HTN

231. Aka, cytoid bodies seen w/ SLE (yellowish cotton wool fundal lesions)

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31
Q

Councilman Bodies

A

Dying hepatocytes – HepB

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32
Q

Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule

A

Rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)

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33
Q

Currant-Jelly Sputum

A

Klebsiella

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34
Q

Curschmann’s Spirals

A

Bronchial asthma

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35
Q

Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra

A

Parkinson’s

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36
Q

Donovan Bodies

A

Granuloma inguinale (STD)

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37
Q

Eburnation

A

Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)

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38
Q

Ectopia Lentis

A

Marfan’s

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39
Q

Erythema Chronicum Migrans

A

Lyme Disease

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40
Q

Fatty Liver

A

Alcoholism

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41
Q

Ferruginous Bodies

A

Asbestosis - & Iron laden

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42
Q

Ghon Focus / Complex

A

Tuberculosis (1° & 2°, respectively)

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43
Q

Glitter Cells

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

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44
Q

Gower’s Maneuver

A

Duchenne’s MD use of arms to stand

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45
Q

Heberden’s Nodes

A

Osteoarthritis (Distal IP joint of the fingers)

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46
Q

Heinz Bodies

A

G6PDH Deficiency

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47
Q

Heterophil Antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

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48
Q

Hirano Bodies

A

Alzheimer’s

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49
Q

Hypersegmented PMNs

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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50
Q

Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs

A

Iron-deficiency anemia or β Thalassemia

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51
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

A

Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis

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52
Q

Joint Mice

A

Osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)

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53
Q

Kaussmaul Breathing

A

Acidosis / Diabetic Ketoacidosis

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54
Q

Keratin Pearls

A

Squamous Cell CA of skin Actinic Keratosis is a precursor

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55
Q

Keyser-Fleischer Ring

A

Wilson’s

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56
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules

A

Diabetic nephropathy: Nodular Glomerulosclerosis nodules of mesangial matrix

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57
Q

Koilocytes

A

HPV 6 & 11 (condyloma acuminatum - benign) and HPV 16 & 18 (malignant association)

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58
Q

Koplik Spots

A

Measles

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59
Q

Lewy Bodies

A

Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)

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60
Q

Lines of Zahn

A

Arterial thrombus

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61
Q

Lisch Nodules

A

Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease) = pigmented iris hamartomas

NF I

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62
Q

Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis – prototype of nephritic syndrome

63
Q

Mallory Bodies

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

64
Q

McBurney’s Sign

A

Appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)

65
Q

Michealis-Gutmann Bodies

A

Malakoplakia lesion on bladder due to macros & calcospherites (M-G Bodies): usually due to E. Coli

66
Q

Monoclonal Antibody Spike

A

Multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)
268. MGUS

67
Q

Myxedema

A

Hypothyroidism

68
Q

Negri Bodies

A

Rabies

Intracytoplasmic

69
Q

Neuritic Plaques

A

Alzheimer’s

70
Q

Neurofibrillary Tangles

A

Alzheimer’s

Hyper phosphorylated Tau

71
Q

Non-pitting Edema

A

Myxedema

274. Anthrax Toxin

72
Q

Notching of Ribs

A

Coarctation of Aorta

73
Q

Nutmeg Liver

A

CHF = causing congested liver

74
Q

Owls Eye Cells

A

CMV

  1. Reed Sternburg Cells (Hodkins Lymphoma)
  2. Aschoff cells seen w/ Rheumatic Fever
75
Q

Painless Jaundice

A

Pancreatic CA (head)

76
Q

Pannus

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, also see morning stiffnes that ↓ w/ joint use, HLA-DR4

77
Q

Pautrier’s Microabscesses

A

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), Sezary

78
Q

Philadelphia Chromosome

A

CML

9:22?

79
Q

Pick Bodies

A

Pick’s Disease

Frontotemporal “Knife-edge” degeneration

80
Q

2 types of COPD

A

Pink Puffer – Type A: Emphysema

  1. Blue Bloater – Type B: Bronchitis
  2. Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - α1-antitrypsin deficiency
81
Q

Podagra

A

Gout (MP joint of hallux)

82
Q

Port-Wine Stain

A

Hemangioma

83
Q

Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign

A

Tearing of the ACL

84
Q

Psammoma Bodies

A
  1. Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
  2. Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
  3. Meningioma
  4. Mesothelioma
85
Q

Pseudohypertrophy

A

Seen w/ Duchenne muscular dystrophy @ the claf muscles, due to ↑ fat

86
Q

Punched-Out Bone Lesions

A

Multiple myeloma

87
Q

Rash on Palms & Soles

A

2° Syphilis

  1. RMSF
  2. Coxsackie virus infection: Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
88
Q

Red Morning Urine

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. You would use Ham’s test to confirm.

89
Q

Reed-Sternberg Cells

A

Hodgkin’s Disease

90
Q

Reid Index Increased

A

Chronic bronchitis = ↑d ratio of bronchial gland to bronchial wall thickness

91
Q

Reinke Crystals

A

Leydig cell tumor

92
Q

Rouleaux Formation

A

Multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked as poker chips

93
Q

S3 Heart Sound

A

L→R Shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD)

  1. Mitral Regurg
  2. LV Failure
94
Q

S4 Heart Sound

A

Pulmonary Stenosis

309. Pulmonary HTN

95
Q

Schwartzman Reaction

A

Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs

96
Q

Smith Antigen

A

SLE (also anti-dsDNA)

  1. Malar Rash, Wire loop kidney lesions, Joint pain, False (+) syphilis test (VDRL)
  2. 90% 14-45 yo females
  3. also seen w/ use of INH; Procainamide; Hydralazine = SLE-like syndrome
97
Q

Soap Bubble on X-Ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone

98
Q

Spike & Dome Glomeruli

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis = Nephrotic syndrome

317. Spike = basement membrane material & Dome = immune complex deposits (IgG orC3)

99
Q

String Sign on X-ray

A

Crohn’s bowel wall thickening

100
Q

Target Cells

A

Thalassemia in α Thalassemia w/ no α gene: Hydrops Fetalis & Intrauterine death associations = HbBarts

101
Q

Tendinous Xanthomas

A

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

102
Q

Thyroidization of Kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

103
Q

Tophi

A

Gout

104
Q

Tram-Track Glomeruli

A

Membranoproliferative GN: Nephritic syndrome – basement membrane is duplicated into 2 layers

105
Q

Trousseau’’s Sign

A
  1. Visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)
  2. Hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
  3. These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same
    name.
106
Q

Virchow’s Node

A

Supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach

107
Q

Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells

A

Measles

108
Q

WBC Casts

A

Pyelonephritis

109
Q

Whipple’s Triad

A

CNS disfunction – Hypoglycemic episodes – glu injection reverses CNS Sympt’s

110
Q

Wire Loop Glomeruli

A

Lupus nephropathy, type IV (diffuse proliferative form)

111
Q

↑ Alpha Feto Protein in amniotic fluid or mother’s

serum

A

Spina Bifida

333. Anencephaly

112
Q

↑ Uric Acid

A

Gout

  1. Lesch Nyhan
  2. Myeloproliferative Disorders
  3. Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)
113
Q

↓ FEV1/FVC

A

COPD

114
Q

“Ground Glass” on chest x-ray

Hyaline

A

Due to Pneumocystis carinii

340. Seen w/ Atelectasia

115
Q

Honey Combing of the lung

A

Seen w/ Asbestosis (a restrictive lung disease)

116
Q

Crescents

A

Goodpastures syndrome (pneumonia w/ hemoptysis & rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)

117
Q

Linear Ig Deposits

A

Goodpastures syndrome

118
Q

45 Degree Branch Points

A

Aspergillosis

119
Q

PAS(+) Dutcher Bodies

A

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia = ↑IgM = Hyperviscosity

120
Q

“Ground Glass” in Abdomen(Hyaline)

A

Seen in the hepatocytes of healthy carriers of HBsAg in liver biopsies

121
Q

“Signet Ring” Cells

A

Cells that replace the ovaries, due to Krukenberg’s tumor that has metastasized from the
stomach

122
Q

Ground Glass Appearance (Hyaline)

A

Seen w/ Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy oligodendrocytes
349. Nuclei seen in Papillary CA of the thyroid (malignant)

123
Q

Congo Red

A

Shows amyloid deposition in plaques & vascular walls

124
Q

Meningiomas & Progesterone

A

Some meningiomas have Progesterone receptors = rapid growth in pregnancy can occur

125
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis Triad

A

Seizures; Mental retardation; Leukoderma (congenital facial white spots or macules):
angiofibromas

126
Q

Cowdry A Inclusions

A

Seen w/ Herpes Simplex Encephalitis – in oligodendroglia

Intranuclear

127
Q

Devic’s Syndrome

A

“Neuromyelitis Optica”

355. A variant of multiple sclerosis: rapid demyelination of the optic nerve & spinal cord w/ paraplegia

128
Q

c-erb B2

A

Breast Cancer association

129
Q

Foster-Kennedy Syndrome

A

A tumor causing blindness & loss of smell w/ papilloedema

130
Q

Hoffman’s Sign

A

Flicking of the middle finger’s nail

131
Q

Red Nucleus Destruction

A

Intention tremors of the arm

132
Q

Ventral Spinocerebellar tr.

A

Unconscious proprioception of lower extremities

133
Q

Dorsal Spinocerebellar tr.

A

Unconscious prorpioception & fine motor movements

134
Q

Cuneocerebellar tr.

A

Unconscious proprioception & fine motor movements of upper extremities

135
Q

Dorsal Column

A

Conscious proprioception of the body

136
Q

Lateral Spinothalamic tr.

A

Pain & Temperature sensation

137
Q

Ventral Spinothalamic tr.

A

Light touch perception

138
Q

SVA

A

Taste & Smell

139
Q

GSE

A

Muscles of the eye & of the tongue

140
Q

SSA

A

Vision; Hearing; Equilibrium

141
Q

GVA

A

Sensation of tongue; soft palate. Carotid Body & Sinus innervation

142
Q

GVE

A

Edinger Westphal = parasympathetic eye innervation
371. Gland innervation = secretions
Page 9
372. Viscera

143
Q

GSA

A

Pain & temperature of face

374. Sensation of external ear

144
Q

SVE

A

Innervation of muscles of masticaiton, facial expressions, larynx & pharynx

145
Q

LMN Lesion

A 
Werndig Hoffman (progressive infantile muscular atrophy)
377. Poliomyelitis
146
Q

Sensory Pathway Lesion

A

Subacute Combined Degeneration = Friedrich’s Ataxia = B12 deficiency
379. Tabes Dorsalis (Neurosyphilis)

147
Q

Both UMN & LMN Lesion

A

ALS = Lou Gherig’s Disease

148
Q

Both Sensory & Motor Lesion

A

Brown Sequard

382. Anterior Spinal artery Occlusion

149
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

A

Controls circadian rhythm

150
Q

Ventromedial Nucleus

A

Satiety center. Savage behavior & obesity when lesioned

151
Q

Lateral Nucleus

A

Induces eating. Starvation when lesioned

152
Q

Arcuate Nucleus

A

Releases PIF (dopa-ergic neurons)

153
Q

Mamillary Body

A

Can have hemorrhages as seen in Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

154
Q

Acanthocytes

A

RBSc w/ spiny projections. Seen in Abetalipoproteinemia.

neuro (18 decks)

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