gold usmle: anti-infective pharm Flashcards
Primaquine
Malaria profylaxis
5. Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale
Ciporfloxacin
Quinolone derivative
Sulfonamides
PABA structural analogs
8. Inhibit Folic acid synthesis
Tertacyclines, anuria & the exception
Should not be used in anuric pt due to production of (-) Nitrogen balance & ↑d BUN levels.
10. Doxycycline is the exception
Ceftriazone
3rd generation cephalosporin
- DOC for bacterial meningitis in kids (ie HiB)
- One dose txt of gonorrhea
Hepatic coma DOC
Neomycin (aminoglycoside) it supresses the normal flora = ↓g NH4 production = ↓g free
nitrogen levels in the bloodstream.
Clavulanic acid
Irreversible (-)r of β lactamases, but ot of transpeptidase = use w/ a β lactamase sensitive
penicillin
Piperacillin
Txt Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Klebsiella
17. Broad spectrum antibiotic
Streptomycin (aminoglycoside)
Txt Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Isoniazid
Most commonly used drug for TB.
- Usually combined w/ Rifampin and/or Ethambutol
- Pre Txt w/ Pyridoxine (Vit B6) can prevent peripheral neuritis
Pyrantel Pamoate
Txt of Hookworm disease
23. Depolarizing NMJ (-)r
Buy AT 30, CELL at 50
A = Aminoglycosides
- T = Tetracyclines
- C = Chloramphenicol
- E = Erythromycin (macrolide)
- L = Clindamycin
- L = Lincomycin
Cefoxitin
Txt intraabdominal infections (ie w/ Bacteroides fragilis)
31. Traditional txt has been Clindamycin & Gentamycin
Chloramphenicol
Broad spectrum antibiotic
- Bone marrow depression (common) Aplastic anemia (rare)
- Gray baby syndrome (chloramphenicol cannot be conjugated)
- DOC Typhoid Fever (symptomatic Salmonella infection)
- DOC HiB meningitis in kids especially resistant strain to ampicillin
Nifurtimox
Txt trypanosomiasis
Metronidazole
Txt Leishmaniasis & Amebiasis
- Good for anaerobic bacteria = Bacteroides fragilis
- DOC Trichomoniasis
- DOC Giardia lamblia
Txt P. carinii
TMP-SMX & Pentamidine
Tetracycline
Txt of Brucellosis & Cholera
- Txt Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Txt spirochete infections = Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
TMP-SMX
(-) dihydrofolate reductase activity
Benzathine Penicillin G
Long duration of action = given once every 3-4 weeks for Txt of Syphilis
Praziquantel
Txt Schistosomiasis (trematode [fluke] infections)
Melarsoprol
Txt Trypanosomiasis that has neurological symptoms
Stibogluconate
Txt Leishmaniasis
Fluconazole
Txt fungal encephalitis
Amphotericin B
Polyene antifingal
Ketoconazole MOA
(-) fungal ergosterol synthesis = disrupts membrane
Griseofulvin MOA
Accumulates in keratinized layers of the skin = used in dermatomycoses infections
Mefloquine
Anti malarial
56. Txt Chloroquine resistant strains = P. falciparum
Chloroquine
Txt for Malaria when inside RBC
Nifurtimox
DOC Chagas disease due to Trypanosoma cruzi
Erythromycin
Used in pts allergic to penicillins
Nystatin
Topical txt of superficial mycotic infections = Candidiasis
Acyclovir
Guanine analog
62. Txt Herpes infections
Imipenem
Used w/ Cilastatin
64. Can cause seizures
Cefoperazone side effects
Bleeding due to vit K level alterations
66. Contraindicated in pts w/ bleeding disorders
Vancomycin
Used for MRSS (methicillin resistant Staph. Aureus)
68. Red neck: due to histamine release causes facial flushing
Meropenem
used w/ Cilastatin
70. Does not cause seizures (cf w/ Imipenem)
Nafcillin
Only penicillin that does not need dose adjustment in renal impairment
Peripheral neuropathy
Seen w/ use of:
73. Metronidazole Isoniazid Vincristine ddI AZT Allopurinol
Sulfonamides & newborns
Kernicterus can occur
O.N.E. for gonorrhea
Fluoroquinolones used in a one dose deal for gonorrhea:
- O = Ofloxacin
- N = Norfloxacin
- E = Enoxacin
Ribavirin
Txt RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)