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gold usmle: anti-infective pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Primaquine

A

Malaria profylaxis

5. Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale

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2
Q

Ciporfloxacin

A

Quinolone derivative

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3
Q

Sulfonamides

A

PABA structural analogs

8. Inhibit Folic acid synthesis

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4
Q

Tertacyclines, anuria & the exception

A

Should not be used in anuric pt due to production of (-) Nitrogen balance & ↑d BUN levels.
10. Doxycycline is the exception

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5
Q

Ceftriazone

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

  1. DOC for bacterial meningitis in kids (ie… HiB)
  2. One dose txt of gonorrhea
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6
Q

Hepatic coma DOC

A

Neomycin (aminoglycoside) – it supresses the normal flora = ↓g NH4 production = ↓g free
nitrogen levels in the bloodstream.

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7
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

Irreversible (-)r of β lactamases, but ot of transpeptidase = use w/ a β lactamase sensitive
penicillin

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8
Q

Piperacillin

A

Txt Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Klebsiella

17. Broad spectrum antibiotic

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9
Q

Streptomycin (aminoglycoside)

A

Txt Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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10
Q

Isoniazid

A

Most commonly used drug for TB.

  1. Usually combined w/ Rifampin and/or Ethambutol
  2. Pre Txt w/ Pyridoxine (Vit B6) can prevent peripheral neuritis‘
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11
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate

A

Txt of Hookworm disease

23. Depolarizing NMJ (-)r

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12
Q

Buy “AT” 30, “CELL” at 50

A

A = Aminoglycosides

  1. T = Tetracyclines
  2. C = Chloramphenicol
  3. E = Erythromycin (macrolide)
  4. L = Clindamycin
  5. L = Lincomycin
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13
Q

Cefoxitin

A

Txt intraabdominal infections (ie… w/ Bacteroides fragilis)

31. Traditional txt has been Clindamycin & Gentamycin

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14
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic

  1. Bone marrow depression (common) – Aplastic anemia (rare)
  2. Gray baby syndrome (chloramphenicol cannot be conjugated)
  3. DOC Typhoid Fever (symptomatic Salmonella infection)
  4. DOC HiB meningitis in kids – especially resistant strain to ampicillin
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15
Q

Nifurtimox

A

Txt trypanosomiasis

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16
Q

Metronidazole

A

Txt Leishmaniasis & Amebiasis

  1. Good for anaerobic bacteria = Bacteroides fragilis
  2. DOC Trichomoniasis
  3. DOC Giardia lamblia
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17
Q

Txt P. carinii

A

TMP-SMX & Pentamidine

18
Q

Tetracycline

A

Txt of Brucellosis & Cholera

  1. Txt Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
  2. Txt spirochete infections = Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
19
Q

TMP-SMX

A

(-) dihydrofolate reductase activity

20
Q

Benzathine Penicillin G

A

Long duration of action = given once every 3-4 weeks for Txt of Syphilis

21
Q

Praziquantel

A

Txt Schistosomiasis (trematode [fluke] infections)

22
Q

Melarsoprol

A

Txt Trypanosomiasis that has neurological symptoms

23
Q

Stibogluconate

A

Txt Leishmaniasis

24
Q

Fluconazole

A

Txt fungal encephalitis

25
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Polyene antifingal

26
Q

Ketoconazole MOA

A

(-) fungal ergosterol synthesis = disrupts membrane

27
Q

Griseofulvin MOA

A

Accumulates in keratinized layers of the skin = used in dermatomycoses infections

28
Q

Mefloquine

A

Anti malarial

56. Txt Chloroquine resistant strains = P. falciparum

29
Q

Chloroquine

A

Txt for Malaria when inside RBC

30
Q

Nifurtimox

A

DOC Chagas disease due to Trypanosoma cruzi

31
Q

Erythromycin

A

Used in pts allergic to penicillins

32
Q

Nystatin

A

Topical txt of superficial mycotic infections = Candidiasis

33
Q

Acyclovir

A

Guanine analog

62. Txt Herpes infections

34
Q

Imipenem

A

Used w/ Cilastatin

64. Can cause seizures

35
Q

Cefoperazone side effects

A

Bleeding due to vit K level alterations

66. Contraindicated in pts w/ bleeding disorders

36
Q

Vancomycin

A

Used for MRSS (methicillin resistant Staph. Aureus)

68. “Red neck”: due to histamine release causes facial flushing

37
Q

Meropenem

A

used w/ Cilastatin

70. Does not cause seizures (cf w/ Imipenem)

38
Q

Nafcillin

A

Only penicillin that does not need dose adjustment in renal impairment

39
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Seen w/ use of:

73. Metronidazole – Isoniazid – Vincristine – ddI – AZT – Allopurinol

40
Q

Sulfonamides & newborns

A

Kernicterus can occur

41
Q

“O.N.E.” for gonorrhea

A

Fluoroquinolones used in a one dose deal for gonorrhea:

  1. O = Ofloxacin
  2. N = Norfloxacin
  3. E = Enoxacin
42
Q

Ribavirin

A

Txt RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)

neuro (18 decks)

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