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psych Flashcards

1
Q

a benzodiazepine mixed with alcohol can cause

A

CNS depression

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2
Q

antidote to BZDs

A

Flumazenil

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3
Q

benztropine

A

centrally acting anticholinergic agents that acts as an acetylcholine receptor antagonist
used to treat Parkinson’s

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4
Q

Flucytosine

A

potent antifungal

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5
Q

Naloxone

A

used to treat opioid overdose

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6
Q

naltrexone

A

opioid receptor antagonist
used to treat opioid addiction
can also be used to prevent relapses in alcohol dependence

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7
Q

Fluoxetine

A

common SSRI

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8
Q

buspirone

A

partial agonist at 5-HT Receptor
used as an alternative to BDZs to treat generalized anxiety disorder
does not potentiate CNNS depression of alcohol and has little potential for abuse and addiction

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9
Q

carbamazepine

A

anticonvulsant

can be used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar mood disorder

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10
Q

propranolol

A

non specific beta blocker

used for panic disorder and simple phobia

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11
Q

trazodone

A

heterocyclic antidepressant with sedative qualities that is used to treat depression complicated by insomnia
inhibits serotonin reuptake, but also acts as a partial serotonin agonist
can cause priapism

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12
Q

what IV BDZ is indicated to treat a pt in alcohol withdrawal with delirium tremens and mild withdrawal

A

Chlordiazepoxide
long-acting benzodiazepine - stim of GABA receptors
lorazepam, oxazepam, and diazepam would all also be acceptable

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13
Q

disulfiram

A

inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
causes accumulation of acetaldehyde with ingestion of alcohol
unpleasant effects help alcoholics maintain sobriety

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14
Q

haloperidol

A

typical antipsychotic

can be used in alcohol withdrawal pts suffering psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations

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15
Q

methadone

A

potent, long-acting, opioid agonist

treatment of opioid addiction

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16
Q

alcohols effect on the pupils

A

generally a dilator

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17
Q

signs of benzodiazepine overdose

A

respiratory depression along with hypotension, can have pupillary changes
treat with flumazenil

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18
Q

Fomepizole

A

alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
prevents the conversion of ethylene glycol and methanol to the toxic substances oxalic acid and formic acid
antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning

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19
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

used for acetaminophen poisoning

indication for relieving mucus thickening in cystic fibrosis patients

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20
Q

Phenobarbital

A

long-acting barbiturate

used in pts with seizure disorders

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21
Q

Clozapine

A

atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia that is refractory to traditional therapy
blocks serotonin receptors in addition to the dopamine blockade common to all typical antipsychotics
bone marrow suppression specifically agranulocytosis is a dangerous side effect requiring frequent monitoring of WBC count

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22
Q

chlorpromazine

A

typical antipsychotic

similar profile to haloperidol

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23
Q

haloperidol

A

traditional antipsychotic
acts by blocking dopamine receptors and is not associated with agranulocytosis
causes extrapyramidal adverse effects

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24
Q

risperidone

A

atypical antipsychotic
similar to clozapine but does not produce agranulocytosis
can cause QT interval prolongation and metabolic aberrations

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25
Q

thioridazine

A

traditional antipsychotic

26
Q

schizoid personality disorder

A

marked by lifetime of voluntary social withdrawal

27
Q

avoidant personality

A

pervasive pattern of social inhibition however they do desire companionship
intense fear of rejection
feelings of inadequacy and social ineptness to the extent they will participate socially only when they are certain to be liked

28
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

more socially engaged than those with schizoid

suspiciousness and mistrust of other people

29
Q

schizophrenia

A

formal thought disorder with hallucinations or delusional thinking
where pts with schizoid personality disorder have intact reality testing

30
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A

same sxs as schizophrenia except that sxs last for at least one month but less than six months

31
Q

schizotypal disorder

A

strikingly odd, peculiar notions, ideas of reference, illusions, magical thinking, and derealization

32
Q

treatment of extrapyramidal side effects (torticollis) of haloperidol

A

benztropine
anticholinergic agent
reverses haloperidol action (high affinity for D2 receptor) of blocking dopamine receptors

33
Q

uses of diazepam

A

hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant

treats chorea as muscle relaxant

34
Q

fluphenazine

A

can induce potent D2 dopaminergic receptor blockade

alternative to haloperidol

35
Q

prochlorperazine

A

typical antipsychotic agent with potent antidopaminergic effects

36
Q

cocaine mech of action

A

prevents the reuptake of NE, dopamine, and serotonin by presynaptic transporter pumps in the central and peripheral nervous systems

37
Q

phencyclidine

A

aggressive and impulsive behavior, nystagmus, and tachycardia
NBDA receptor antagonist

38
Q

barbiturates cause

A

respiratory depression and act by increasing BAGA activity by increasing the duration of Cl- channel opening

39
Q

Bretylium and guanethidine

A

prevent fusion of presynaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane resulting in an inhibition of the release of NE into the synapse

40
Q

What drug causes tardive dyskinesia

A

fluphenazine and haloperidol

result of long-term antipsychotic use

41
Q

side effects of clozapine

A

atypical antipsychotic

agranulocytosis

42
Q

side effects of lithium

A

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, nausea, anorexia and mild diarrhea

43
Q

ziprasidone

A

atypical antipsychotic

associated with QT prolongation and the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias

44
Q

olanzapine

A

atypical antipsychotic blocks both serotonin and dopamine receptors
can treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

45
Q

sertraline

A

SSRI

can cause serotonin syndrome when combined with MAO-I

46
Q

Nortryptiline

A

TCA
associated with the 3 C’s
convulsions, coma, and cardiotoxicity

47
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A

schizophrenia less than 6 months

48
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

symptoms of schizophrenia as well as those of mood disorder

49
Q

Pellagra

A

thickened skin with the 3 D’s
dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia
niacin (B3 deficiency)
deficiency of tryptophan absorption

50
Q

arginine is a precursor of

A

creatine, urea, and nitric oxide

51
Q

phenylalanine is a precursor of

A

tyrosine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

52
Q

tyrosine is a precursor of

A

dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

53
Q

how does depression effect sleep

A 
disrupted sleep
increased time in REM
decreased REM latency
decreased delta waves characteristic of stage 3 and 4
treated with SSRI - fluoxetine
54
Q

lysergic acid diethylamide is

A

LSD

hallucinations, delusion, and dilated pupils

55
Q

Methylphenidate is used to treat, by what mechanism

A

ADHD

increases presynaptic release of NE

56
Q

buproprion is used to treat

what pt population is it contraindicated for

A

antidepressant

contraindicated in pts with anorexia nervosa because it increases the risk of seizure in this population

57
Q

an SSRI that treats both depression and anorexia

A

fluoxetine

58
Q

an atypical antidepressant that induces weight gain

A

mirtazapine

59
Q

best choice for first line treatment of delirium tremens

A

long-acting benzodiazepine

chlordiazepoxide

60
Q

amitryptiline - class and common SEs

A

tricyclic anti-depressant

red as a beet, dry as a bone, hot as a hare, blind as a bat,
mad as a hatter, and full as a flask

61
Q

what is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose

by what mechanism

A

flumazenil

displacement of the drug from its binding site

neuro (18 decks)

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