psych Flashcards
a benzodiazepine mixed with alcohol can cause
CNS depression
antidote to BZDs
Flumazenil
benztropine
centrally acting anticholinergic agents that acts as an acetylcholine receptor antagonist
used to treat Parkinson’s
Flucytosine
potent antifungal
Naloxone
used to treat opioid overdose
naltrexone
opioid receptor antagonist
used to treat opioid addiction
can also be used to prevent relapses in alcohol dependence
Fluoxetine
common SSRI
buspirone
partial agonist at 5-HT Receptor
used as an alternative to BDZs to treat generalized anxiety disorder
does not potentiate CNNS depression of alcohol and has little potential for abuse and addiction
carbamazepine
anticonvulsant
can be used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar mood disorder
propranolol
non specific beta blocker
used for panic disorder and simple phobia
trazodone
heterocyclic antidepressant with sedative qualities that is used to treat depression complicated by insomnia
inhibits serotonin reuptake, but also acts as a partial serotonin agonist
can cause priapism
what IV BDZ is indicated to treat a pt in alcohol withdrawal with delirium tremens and mild withdrawal
Chlordiazepoxide
long-acting benzodiazepine - stim of GABA receptors
lorazepam, oxazepam, and diazepam would all also be acceptable
disulfiram
inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
causes accumulation of acetaldehyde with ingestion of alcohol
unpleasant effects help alcoholics maintain sobriety
haloperidol
typical antipsychotic
can be used in alcohol withdrawal pts suffering psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations
methadone
potent, long-acting, opioid agonist
treatment of opioid addiction
alcohols effect on the pupils
generally a dilator
signs of benzodiazepine overdose
respiratory depression along with hypotension, can have pupillary changes
treat with flumazenil
Fomepizole
alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
prevents the conversion of ethylene glycol and methanol to the toxic substances oxalic acid and formic acid
antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
N-acetylcysteine
used for acetaminophen poisoning
indication for relieving mucus thickening in cystic fibrosis patients
Phenobarbital
long-acting barbiturate
used in pts with seizure disorders
Clozapine
atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia that is refractory to traditional therapy
blocks serotonin receptors in addition to the dopamine blockade common to all typical antipsychotics
bone marrow suppression specifically agranulocytosis is a dangerous side effect requiring frequent monitoring of WBC count
chlorpromazine
typical antipsychotic
similar profile to haloperidol
haloperidol
traditional antipsychotic
acts by blocking dopamine receptors and is not associated with agranulocytosis
causes extrapyramidal adverse effects
risperidone
atypical antipsychotic
similar to clozapine but does not produce agranulocytosis
can cause QT interval prolongation and metabolic aberrations
thioridazine
traditional antipsychotic
schizoid personality disorder
marked by lifetime of voluntary social withdrawal
avoidant personality
pervasive pattern of social inhibition however they do desire companionship
intense fear of rejection
feelings of inadequacy and social ineptness to the extent they will participate socially only when they are certain to be liked
paranoid personality disorder
more socially engaged than those with schizoid
suspiciousness and mistrust of other people
schizophrenia
formal thought disorder with hallucinations or delusional thinking
where pts with schizoid personality disorder have intact reality testing
schizophreniform disorder
same sxs as schizophrenia except that sxs last for at least one month but less than six months
schizotypal disorder
strikingly odd, peculiar notions, ideas of reference, illusions, magical thinking, and derealization
treatment of extrapyramidal side effects (torticollis) of haloperidol
benztropine
anticholinergic agent
reverses haloperidol action (high affinity for D2 receptor) of blocking dopamine receptors
uses of diazepam
hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant
treats chorea as muscle relaxant
fluphenazine
can induce potent D2 dopaminergic receptor blockade
alternative to haloperidol
prochlorperazine
typical antipsychotic agent with potent antidopaminergic effects
cocaine mech of action
prevents the reuptake of NE, dopamine, and serotonin by presynaptic transporter pumps in the central and peripheral nervous systems
phencyclidine
aggressive and impulsive behavior, nystagmus, and tachycardia
NBDA receptor antagonist
barbiturates cause
respiratory depression and act by increasing BAGA activity by increasing the duration of Cl- channel opening
Bretylium and guanethidine
prevent fusion of presynaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane resulting in an inhibition of the release of NE into the synapse
What drug causes tardive dyskinesia
fluphenazine and haloperidol
result of long-term antipsychotic use
side effects of clozapine
atypical antipsychotic
agranulocytosis
side effects of lithium
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, nausea, anorexia and mild diarrhea
ziprasidone
atypical antipsychotic
associated with QT prolongation and the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias
olanzapine
atypical antipsychotic blocks both serotonin and dopamine receptors
can treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
sertraline
SSRI
can cause serotonin syndrome when combined with MAO-I
Nortryptiline
TCA
associated with the 3 C’s
convulsions, coma, and cardiotoxicity
schizophreniform disorder
schizophrenia less than 6 months
schizoaffective disorder
symptoms of schizophrenia as well as those of mood disorder
Pellagra
thickened skin with the 3 D’s
dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia
niacin (B3 deficiency)
deficiency of tryptophan absorption
arginine is a precursor of
creatine, urea, and nitric oxide
phenylalanine is a precursor of
tyrosine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
tyrosine is a precursor of
dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
how does depression effect sleep
disrupted sleep increased time in REM decreased REM latency decreased delta waves characteristic of stage 3 and 4 treated with SSRI - fluoxetine
lysergic acid diethylamide is
LSD
hallucinations, delusion, and dilated pupils
Methylphenidate is used to treat, by what mechanism
ADHD
increases presynaptic release of NE
buproprion is used to treat
what pt population is it contraindicated for
antidepressant
contraindicated in pts with anorexia nervosa because it increases the risk of seizure in this population
an SSRI that treats both depression and anorexia
fluoxetine
an atypical antidepressant that induces weight gain
mirtazapine
best choice for first line treatment of delirium tremens
long-acting benzodiazepine
chlordiazepoxide
amitryptiline - class and common SEs
tricyclic anti-depressant
red as a beet, dry as a bone, hot as a hare, blind as a bat,
mad as a hatter, and full as a flask
what is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose
by what mechanism
flumazenil
displacement of the drug from its binding site
