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neuro > gold usmle: Most Common > Flashcards

gold usmle: Most Common Flashcards

1
Q

1o Tumor arising from bone in

adults

A

Osteosarcoma

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2
Q

Adrenal Medullary Tumor –

Adults

A

Pheochromocytoma: 5 P’s: ↑ Pressure; Pain (Headache); Perspiration; Palpitations; Pallor/Diaphoresis

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3
Q

Adrenal Medullary Tumor –

Children

A

Neuroblastoma

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4
Q

Agent of severe viral

encephalitis

A

Herpes simplex

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5
Q

Aggressive lung tumor

A

Small cell or oat cell

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6
Q

Associated with gallstones

A

Adenocarinoma

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7
Q

Bacterial Meningitis – adults

A

Strep pneumoniae & in young adults = Neisseria meningitidis

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8
Q

Bacterial Meningitis – elderly

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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9
Q

Bacterial Meningitis –

newborns

A

E. coli / Group BStrep.

and Listeria

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10
Q

Bacterial Meningitis –

toddlers

A

Hib

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11
Q

Benign epithelial tumor of

oral mucosa

A

Papilloma

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12
Q

Benign fallopian tube tumor

A

Adenomatoid

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13
Q

Benign ovarian tumor

A

Mature(Native) Teratoma = benign dermatoid

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14
Q

Benign tumor of soft tissue

A

Lipoma

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15
Q

Benign tumor of the breast

A

Fibroadenoma

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16
Q

Benign tumor of the liver

A

Hemangioma

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17
Q

Benign tumor of the vulva

A

Hidroadenoma

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18
Q

Benign uterine tumor

A

Leiomyoma: estrogen sinsitive: changes size during pregnancy & menopause

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19
Q

Bone Tumors

A

Metasteses from Breast & Prostate

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20
Q

Brain Tumor – Child

A

Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

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21
Q

Brain Tumor –Adult

A

Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma

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22
Q

Breast Carcinoma

A

Invasive Duct Carcinoma

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23
Q

Breast Mass

A

Fibrocystic Change: premenopausic women (Carcinoma is the most common in post-menopausal women)

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24
Q

Bug in Acute Endocarditis

A

Staph aureus

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25
Q

Bug in debilitated,

hospitalized pneumonia pt

A

Klebsiella

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26
Q

Bug in Epiglottitis

A

Hib

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27
Q

Bug in GI Tract

A

Bacteroides (2nd – E. coli)

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28
Q

Bug in IV drug user

bacteremia / pneumonia

A

Staph aureus

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29
Q

Bug in PID

A

N. Gonnorrhoeae

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30
Q

Bug in Subacute Endocarditis

A

Strep Viridans

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31
Q

CA of urinary collecting

system

A

Transitional cell CA (assoc. w/ benzidine; βnaphthylamine; analine dyes; long term txt w/
cyclophosphamide)

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32
Q

Cardiac 1ry Tumor – Adults

A

Myxoma: “Ball Valve”

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33
Q

Cardiac 1ry Tumor – Child

A

Rhabdomyoma – associated w/ Tuberous sclerosis

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34
Q

Cardiac Tumor – Adults

A

Metasteses

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35
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy: Alcohol, BeriBeri, Cocaine use, Coxsackie B, Doxorubicin
424. Systolic Dysfunction

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36
Q

Cause of 2ry HTN

A

Renal Disease

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37
Q

Cause of Addison’s

A

Autoimmune (2nd – infection)

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38
Q

Cause of breast lumps

A

CA of the breast

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39
Q

Cause of chronic

endometriosis

A

TB

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40
Q

Cause of Congenital Adrenal

Hyperplasia

A

21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: NaCl lost & Hypotension (then, 11- NaCl retention & HTN)

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41
Q

Cause of Cushings

A

Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1ry ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)

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42
Q

Cause of Death in Alzheimer

pts

A

Pneumonia

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43
Q

Cause of Death in Diabetics

A

MI

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44
Q

Cause of Death in premature

A

NRDS = hyaline membrane disease

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45
Q

Cause of Death in SLE pts.

A

Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) = Renal Disease

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46
Q

Cause of Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

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47
Q

Cause of Dementia (2nd most

common)

A

Multi-Infarct Dementia

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48
Q

Cause of Dwarfism

A

Achondroplasia

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49
Q

Cause of Food poisoning

A

Staph aureus

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50
Q

Cause of Hematosalpynga

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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51
Q

Cause of Hypoparathyroidism

A

Throidectomy

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52
Q

Cause of Hypothyroidism

A

Corrective surgery I31 treatment

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53
Q

Cause of Kidney infections

A

E. coli

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54
Q

Cause of Liver disease in US

A

Alcohol consumption

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55
Q

Cause of Malignancy in

children

A

Acute leukemia

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56
Q

Cause of Mental retardation

A

Down’s

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57
Q

Cause of Mental retardation

2nd most common

A

Fragile X

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58
Q

Cause of NaCl loss and

Hypotension

A

21 hydroxylase deficiency

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59
Q

Cause of PID

A

N. ghonorrhea

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60
Q

Cause of Portal cirrhosis

A

Alcohol

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61
Q

Cause of Preventable

Blindness

A

Chlamydia (serotypes A,B,Ba,C)

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62
Q

Cause of Pulmonary HTN

A

COPD

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63
Q

Cause of Secondary

Hypertension

A

Renal disease

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64
Q

Cause of SIADH

A

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

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65
Q

Cause of UT Obstruction in

men

A

BPHyperplasia

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66
Q

Cause Pernicious Anemia

A

Chronic atrophic gastritis = no production of intrinsic factor

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67
Q

Chromosomal Disorder

A

Down’s

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68
Q

Common Tumor of the

Appendix

A

Carcinoid tumor: flushing; diarrhea; bronchospasm; RHeart valvular lesions
458. Txt: Methysergide (5HT antagonist)

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69
Q

Congenital Cardiac Anomaly

A

VSD (membranous > muscular)

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70
Q

Congenital Early Cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of Fallot =right to left shunt

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71
Q

Coronary Artery Thrombosis

A

LAD artery: MI

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72
Q

Demyelinating Disease

A

Multiple Sclerosis: (Charcot Triad = nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)

  1. Periventricular plaques w/ ↓ Oligodenrocytes
  2. ↑ IgG in CSF, Optic Neuritis, MLF Syndorme = Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia, bladder incontinence
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73
Q

Dental Tumor

A

Odontoma

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74
Q

Dietary Deficiency

A

Iron

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75
Q

Disease of the Breast

A

Fibrocystic disease

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76
Q

Disseminated Opportunistic

Infection in AIDS

A

CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)

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77
Q

Esophageal Cancer

78
Q

Fallopian Tube Malignancy

79
Q

Fatal Genetic Defect in

Caucasians

A

Cystic Fibrosis (chromosome 7q)

80
Q

Female Tumor

81
Q

Form of Amyloidosis

A

Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)

82
Q

Form of Tularemia

A

Ulceroglandular

83
Q

Germ Cell Tumor of Testes

A

Seminoma (analogous to dysgerminoma of ovaries)

84
Q

Gynecological Malignancy

A

Endometrial Carcinoma

85
Q

Gynecological Finding

A

Endometrial CA

86
Q

Heart Murmur

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

87
Q

Heart Valve in Bacterial

Endocarditis

88
Q

Heart Valve in Bacterial

Endocarditis in IV drug users

89
Q

Heart Valve involved in

Rheumatic Fever

A

Mitral then Aortic

90
Q

Hereditary Bleeding Disorder

A

Von Willebrand’s Disease

91
Q

Hormone secreted in

Pituitary Adenoma

92
Q

Inherited disease of the

Kidney

A

Adult polycystic kidney disease: associated w/ polycystic liver, Berry aneurysms, Mitral prolapse
485. APD1 – chromosome 16

93
Q

Intracranial tumor in adults

A

Glioblastoma mulitforme

94
Q

Islet Tumor

A

Insulinoma = β cell tumor

95
Q

Liver 1ry Tumor

96
Q

Liver Disease

A

Alcoholic Liver Disease

97
Q

Location of Adenocarcinoma

of the Pancreas

A

Head (99%)

98
Q

Location of Adult Brain

Tumors

A

Above Tentorium

99
Q

Location of Childhood Brain

Tumors

A

Below Tentorium

100
Q

Lung Tumor, malignant or

benign

101
Q

Lung Tumor, primary or

secondary

102
Q

Lysosomal Storage Disease

A

Lysosomal Storage Disease

103
Q

Malignancy in Women

A

Lung (2nd breast)

104
Q

Malignancy of the Larynx

A

Glottic CA (squamous cell)

105
Q

Malignancy of the Small

Intestine

A

Adenocarcinoma

106
Q

Malignancy Vulva

A

Squamous cell CA

107
Q

Malignant Eye Tumor in Kids

A

Retinoblastoma

108
Q

Malignant Tumor of the Liver

A

Hepatocellular CA

109
Q

Motor Neuron Disease

110
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Duchenne’s: Dystrophin deletion. Presents

111
Q

Nasal Tumor

A

Squamous cell CA

112
Q

Neoplasm – Child

113
Q

Neoplasm – Child (2nd most

common)

A

Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)

114
Q

Neoplasm of the West

A

Adeno CA of the rectum and/or colon

115
Q

Neoplastic Polyp

A

Tubular adenoma

116
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome in

Adults

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

117
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome in

Children

A

Minimal Change (Lipoid Nephrosis) Disease (responds well to steroid txt)

118
Q

Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

Follicular small clear cell

119
Q

Number of Deaths per year in

Women

120
Q

Skin tumor

A

Basal cell CA

121
Q

Opportunistic infection in

AIDS

122
Q

Ovarian Malignancy

A

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

123
Q

Ovarian Tumor

124
Q

Pancreatic Tumor

A

Adeno (usually in the head)

125
Q

Patient with ALL / CLL / AML

/ CML

A

ALL – Child / CLL – Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML – Adult 35-50

126
Q

Patient with Goodpasture’s

A

Young male

127
Q

Patient with Reiter’s

128
Q

Pituitary Tumor

A

Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma)

129
Q

Place for Primary Squamous

Cell CA of esophagus

130
Q

Place for Peptic Ulcer

Disease

A

Lesser curvuture in antrum – associated w/ blood group O

131
Q

Primary Benign Salivary

Tumor

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma (Mixed) – 90% localized to the parotid

132
Q

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)

133
Q

Primary Malignancy of Bone

A

Osteosarcoma

134
Q

Primary Malignancy of Small

Intestine

135
Q

Pt. with Hodgkin’s

A

Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type – Female)

136
Q

Pt. with Minimal Change

Disease

A

Young Child

137
Q

Renal Malignancy

A

Renal cell CA

138
Q

Renal Malignancy of Early

Childhood

A

Wilm’s tumor (neohroblastoma) – chromosome 11p

139
Q

Salivary Tumor

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

140
Q

Secondary

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure

141
Q

Sexually Transmitted

Disease

A

Chlamydia (sero types D-K)

142
Q

Site of Diverticula

A

Sigmoid Colon

143
Q

Site of Embolic Occlusion

A

Middle cerebral aa: contralateral paralysis; aphasias; motor & sensory loss

144
Q

Site of Metastasis

A

Regional Lymph Nodes

145
Q

Site of Metastasis (2nd

most common)

146
Q

Sites of Atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

147
Q

Skin CA of Fair Skinned

People

A

Malignant melanoma

148
Q

Skin Cancer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

149
Q

Small Intestine Congenital

Anomaly

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

150
Q

Stomach Cancer

A

Adeno – associated w/ blood group A

151
Q

Testicular Tumor

A

Seminoma = malignant painless testes growth

152
Q

Thyroid Anomaly

A

Thryoglossal duct cyst

153
Q

Thyroid CA

A

Papillary CA

154
Q

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

A

Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus – blind pouch – polyhydramnios association

155
Q

Tumor in men

A

Germ cell tumor

156
Q

Tumor of Infancy

A

Benign vascular tumor = port wine stain = Hemangioma

157
Q

Tumor of the Stomach >50

years of age

A

CA of stomach (adeno CA)

158
Q

Type of Hodgkin’s

A

Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis)

159
Q

Type of Non-Hodgkin’s

A

Follicular, small cleaved

160
Q

Type of Portal Cirrhosis

A

Micronodular

161
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Tumor

of Childhood

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

162
Q

Vasculitis (of medium & small

arteries)

A

Temporal Arteritis (branch of Carotid Artery)

163
Q

Viral Encephalitis

164
Q

Worm Infection in US

A

Pinworm (2nd – Ascaris)

165
Q

Worst Prognosis in Thyroid

Cas

A

Follicular CA

166
Q

Cause of Lobar Pneumonia

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

167
Q

Cause of Death b/t 24-44 yoa

168
Q

Cause of Pneumonia in Cystic

Fibrosis

A

Pseudomonas

169
Q

Cause of Osteomyelitis in IV

Drug Users

A

Pseudomonas

170
Q

Cause of Infection in Burn

Pts

A

Pseudomonas

171
Q

Mental Problem in Males

A

Specific phobia

172
Q

Intelligence Test

A

Stanford Binet (ages 6 & under)

  1. WIPSI (ages 4-6)
  2. WISK-R (for ages 6-17)
  3. WAIS-R (for > 17 yoa)
173
Q

Paraphilia

A

Pedophilia

174
Q

Metabolite seen w/

Pheochromocytoma

A

VMA: vanillylmandelic acid (NE metabolite)

175
Q

Severe Shigella

A

Dysenteriae

176
Q

Bug in Otitis Media &

Sinusitis in Kids

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

177
Q

Cause of a Solitary Brain

Abscess

A

A. Israelli

178
Q

Cause of Bacterial Diarrhea

in U.S.

A

Campylobacter jejuni

179
Q

Shigella Type

180
Q

Cause of Non-Ghonococcal

Urethritis

A

Chlamydia trichomonas

181
Q

Pneumonia

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

182
Q

Urethritis

A

N. ghonorrhea

183
Q

Cause of Glomerulonephritis

A

IgA Nephropathy = Berger’s Disease

184
Q

Cause of Viral Pneumonia

A

. RSV – infants

  1. Parainfluenza – kids
  2. Influenza virus – adults
  3. Adeno virus – military recruits
185
Q

Complication of COPD

A

Pulmonary infections

186
Q

Cause of Death w/ SLE

A

Renal failure

187
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

A

Ostium Secundum Type

188
Q

Warm Antibody

A

Most common form of immune hemolytic anemia

  1. IgG auto antibodies to RBC
  2. See spherocytosis; (+) Coombs’ test; complication to CLL
189
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

IgA Deficiency

190
Q

Congenital GIT Anomaly

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum: persistence of vitelline duct/yolk sac stalk

191
Q

Cause of Congenital

Malformation

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

neuro (18 decks)

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