USMLE cray cray Flashcards
meds to prevent lyme disease
a single 200-mg dose of doxycycline given within 72 hours after an Ixodes scapularis tick bite can prevent the development of Lyme disease.
It is recommended that _____________ receive the pneumococcal vaccine before the age of 65
AND receive an additional dose at age 65 or 5 years after the first dose, whichever is later.
institutionalized individuals > 50 chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease diabetes mellitus anatomic asplenia chronic liver disease AKI health-care workers.
Prevention traditionally has been divided into three categories: __________
primary, secondary, and tertiary
Primary prevention targets?
individuals who may be at risk to develop a medical condition and intervenes to prevent the onset of that condition
e.g., childhood vaccination programs, water fluoridation, antismoking programs, and education about safe sex
Pain in central retinal vein occlusion?
painless
fundoscope: blood and thunder
Secondary prevention targets
individuals who have developed an asymptomatic disease and institutes treatment to prevent complications
e.g., routine Papanicolaou tests; screening for hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia
Amaurosis fugax (and vision)
emboli in carotid
temp vision loss
Tertiary prevention targets ?
individuals with a known disease, with the goal of limiting or preventing future complications
e.g., screening diabetics for microalbuminuria and post–myocardial infarction prophylaxis with β-blockers and aspirin
Initial presentation of MS (often)
optic neuritis
unilateral vision loss, pain, afferent pupillary defect
Most common cause of congenital adrenal insufficiency
NOT autoimmune aka addisons
adrenoleukodystrophy
Goodpasture antibody
anti-GBM
_____________ colonize the mouth and frequently lead to infective endocarditis
viridans streptococci
mutans, mitis, oralis, sanguinis
Caused by persistent activation of complement –> proteinuria and hematuria
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 2
Dense deposits of C3 nephritic factor
this can cause hypotension that is resistant to intravenous fluid resuscitation in atients suffering from a critical illness with an exaggerated inflammatory response
cortisol deficiency
survival is increased if these patients are treated with intravenous corticosteroids during acute management.
The “rule of twos” is useful in assessing asthma control: in children under the age of 12
Asthma is NOT well-controlled if
- they have had symptoms or used a β-agonist for symptom relief more than twice per week
- had two or more nocturnal awakenings due to asthma in the past month
- or had two or more exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids in the past year.
__________ reduces the risk of subsequent seizures in women with eclampsia compared with placebo
Intravenous magnesium sulfate
smudge cells are pathognomonic for ?
CLL
*most common leukemia in US
onset usually 70 yo
2 most common nephrotic syndromes in adults
1- FSGS- common with africans- americans, obese, HIV, and heroin use
2- membranous nephropathy-
Rx for latent TB
+ TB test but with no s/s
use isoniazid and pyridoxine x 9 months
IgA nephropathy, more blood or protein?
More blood (50%)
Screening for AAA
males who ever smoked age 65- 75
one time screen
Heat exhaustion
body does not maintain CO due to inadequate salt and water replacement
Heat stroke
body doesn’t thermoregulate
high fever, ams
LAD MI
V1- V6
anterior MI
__________ is rx for uterine atony but should not be used in patients with asthma
Carboprost
________ is rx for uterine atony but contraindicated in hypertensive patients
Methylergonovine
Cardiovascular changes associated with aging include
↑ systolic and diastolic blood
↓ CO
↓ maximum heart rate
↓ stroke volume pressure
Centor criteria
most reliable clinical predictors of streptococcal pharyngitis
These include: tonsillar exudates tender anterior cervical LAD absence of cough hx of fever.
WHich NSAID is on Beers list
Indomethacin is on the list due to its propensity to produce more central nervous system adverse effects than other NSAIDs.
