C-Wa's IM Magic Flashcards
Drug toxicity the leads to restrictive lung disease
bleomycin
busulfan
amiodarone
methotrexate
Interstitial lung diseases PFTs
Restricted lung expansion–> ↓ lung volumes (↓ FVC and TLC)
PFTs: FEV1/FVC ratio ≥ 80%
Poor breathing mechanics vs Interstitial lung diseases
Interstitial lung diseases: pulmonary ↓ diffusing capacity, ↑ A-a gradient
What is the state of equilibrium of the lung on spirometry
Function Residual volume
Diffusing capacity for CO
Diffusion of CO
normal > 80%
determines parenchymal disease
would change if alveolar surface area is down or membrane is thickened
What would ↑ Diffusing capacity for CO
alveolar hemorrhage
polycythemia
interstial edema
what will decrease Diffusing capacity for CO (↓ DLCO)
emphysema
pulm htn
anemia
pneumonia
Flow volume loops- Loop shifts to the left
Obstructive
Obstructive lung volumes > normal (↑ TLC, ↑ FRC, ↑ RV)
Flow volume loops- Loop shifts to the right
Restrictive
restrictive lung volumes < normal
Associated with shipbuilding, roofing, plumbing.
Asbestosis
Affects lower lobes
Risk of bronchogenic carcinoma > risk of mesothelioma.
Silicosis
Macrophages respond to silica–> release fibrogenic factors–> fibrosis.
Silica disrupts phagolysosomes –> impair macrophages–> ↑ susceptibility to TB.
Pneumoconioses
Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, silicosis, and asbestosis
–> ↑ risk of cor pulmonale, cancer, and Caplan syndrome (RA and pneumoconioses with intrapulmonary nodules).
_________ are pathognomonic of asbestosis.
“Ivory white,” calcified, supradiaphragmatic and pleural plaques
Acute respiratory distress syndrome results in formation of ________ on biopsy
intra-alveolar hyaline membranes
Central sleep apnea
No respiratory effort due to CNS injury/toxicity, HF, opioids.