U World 1 Flashcards

1
Q

nonallergic rhinitis

A

looks like allergies but no known etiology

intranasal therapy = rx

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2
Q

What causes volume depletion in adrenal insuf?

A

no aldosterone –> hyperkalemia

↓ volume –> ↑ ADh –> hyponatremia

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3
Q

ABO transfusion rxn

A

rapid fever, flank pain, hemolysis, AKI, and DIC

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4
Q

Cytokine blood transfusion rxn

A

transient febrile non-hemolytic rxn

1-6 hours after transfusion

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5
Q

Anaphylaxis minutes after blood transfusion

A

IgA deficiency

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6
Q

colonoscopy in UC

A

screening 8 years after ddx

then every 1-2 years

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7
Q

Cryoprecipitate

A

clotting factors
fibrinogen
vWf

*used in DIC

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8
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura rx

A

plasma exchange

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9
Q

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura clasic penad

A
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
  • AKI
  • Neuro changes
  • Fever
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10
Q

murmur in aortic disection

A

aortic regurg

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11
Q

absolute contriindication to ECT

A

none! even pace markers, old people, pregos, they all can have ect

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12
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism test

A

aldosterone: renin ratio

If the ratio is >20 and the aldosterone level is >15 ng/dL, then primary hyperaldosteronism is likely and referral for confirmatory testing should be considered.

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13
Q

pediatric community acquired pneumonia rx

A

high-dose amoxicillin

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14
Q

when should babies eat solid food?

A

4-6 mo

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15
Q

testosterone tests

A

test total testosterone

free testosterone test =$$$

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16
Q

thyroid testing sensitivity

A

TSH is more sensitive (vs free T4)

17
Q

gingivostomatitis

A

combination of gingivitis and stomatitis

often seen in first HSV flair

acyclovir suspension–> earlier resolution of fever, oral lesions, and difficulties with eating and drinking.

18
Q

MGUS vs multiple myeloma

A

multiple myeloma has end organ damage in the form of: hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, skeletal lesions

19
Q

OCPs decrease the risk of ________cancer

A

ovarian and endometrial

20
Q

Rx for polymyalgia rheumatica

A

s/s: pain and stiffness in shoulder and pelvis

rx: steroids

21
Q

refeeding syndrome

A

fatal shifts in fluids/ electrolytes

hallmark: hypophosphatemia

22
Q

after 3 months of hoarseness, you need?

A

laryngoscopy

23
Q

The Valsalva maneuver will typically cause the intensity of a systolic murmur to increase in patients with which heart condition?

A

HCM

24
Q

high risk colonoscopygroup

A

Patients who have one first degree relative diagnosed with colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps before age 60, or at least two second degree relatives with colorectal cancer, are in the highest risk group.

25
Q

high risk colonoscopy screening interval

A

start at 40, or 10 years before the earliest age at which an affected relative was diagnosed (whichever comes first)

and

rescreened every 5 years.

26
Q

drugs known to cause pleural disease include

A
amiodarone
bleomycin
bromocriptine
cyclophosphamide
methotrexate
 minoxidil
mitomycin
27
Q

Hydralazine MOA

A

directly vasodilates peripheral vessels

28
Q

These agents should be avoided in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during tachycardia

A

Adenosine
digoxin
calcium channel antagonists

(paradoxically ↑↑ HR in WPW)

Procainamide= Rx in these situations or amiodarone

29
Q

cephalosporins in pregos?

A

Cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone are usually considered safe to use during pregnancy.

30
Q

infliximab is?

A

TNF inhibitor

associated with an ↑ risk of infections, including tuberculosis

Patients should be screened for tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C before starting these drugs.

31
Q

Rx for tachycardia in WPW

A

Procainamide= Rx in these situations or amiodarone