Use of guidance and feedback Flashcards
What are the four methods of guidance?
- Verbal
- Visual
- Manual
- Mechanical
What is visual guidance?
Guidance that can be seen, a demonstration
What stage of learning does visual guidance suit best?
Cognitive stage
3 Advantages of visual guidance
- Provides mental picture of a required skill
- Enables parts of a learning process to be seen clearly
- Encourages observational learning
2 Disadvantages of visual guidance
- May not be clear or too quick to be followed
- Accurate demonstration may not be available
What is verbal guidance?
Using words to explain a task
What stage of learning does verbal guidance suit best?
Autonomous stage
Advantages of verbal guidance
- Can be controlled by the coach
- Can be used to motivate a performer
- Can be used to quickly identify errors which can then be corrected
Disadvantages of verbal guidance
- Can overload beginners with info
- Language used may be to complex for beginners
- Leads to learners losing concentration
What is manual guidance?
Physically supporting a performer during movement
What is mechanical guidance?
Using artificial aids to help a performance
Advantages of manual/mechanical guidance
- Can be used safely
- Can be used to give confidence
- Can be used to break a skill into small parts and practice separately
Disadvantages of manual/mechanical guidance
- Can restrict a movement and create over-reliance on a device
- Can restrict kinaesthetic awareness of movement of a skill
What is intrinsic feedback?
From within
Advantages of intrinsic feedback
- Performer independent as feeling comes from within them
- Can be used for reinforcement
- Can be used for error detection as a movement is in progress
Disadvantages of intrinsic feedback
- Feedback may not be accurate for a performer in the cognitive stage
What is extrinsic feedback?
From an outside source
What is knowledge of performance?
About technique
What is knowledge of result?
Concerned with the outcome
Advantages of extrinsic feedback
Gives reinforcement of correct or incorrect aspects of performance
Disadvantages of extrinsic feedback
- May demotivate a performer if they don’t understand the feedback
- Performer may become over reliant on the coach
What is positive feedback?
Encouragement
What is negative feedback?
Error correction
Advantages of positive feedback
- Gives reinforcement of correct aspects of performance
- Builds self esteem and confidence in the performer
- Good for performers in the cognitive stage
Disadvantages of positive feedback
- Performers may become overconfident, performance can fall
- Some performers don’t respond well to praise
Advantages of negative feedback
- If used sparingly can refine and improve performance
- Good for people in the autonomous stage
Disadvantages of negative feedback
- May demotivate performer, especially cognitive stage learners
- Doesn’t encourage a performer
