the musculoskeletal system and analysis of movement in physical activities Flashcards
name the 2 types of joints that are present in the body
- ball and socket joint
- hinge joint
what does the ball and socket joint allow for
it allows for movement in every direction
what does a hinge joint allow for
it allows movement in only one direction
name the articulating bones at each main joint in the body
what is the sagittal plane
divides the body into right and left halves
what is the frontal plane
divides the body into front and back halves
what is the transverse plane
divides the body into upper and lower halves
what is the transverse axis
runs from side to side across the body
what is the sagittal axis
runs from front to back
what is the longitudinal axis
runs from top to bottom
what is FEST
give one example
- flexion/ extension = sagittal plane and longitudinal axis
- a somersault
what is AAFS
give one example
-adduction/ abduction = frontal plane and sagittal axis
- a cartwheel
what is RHATL
give one example
- rotation/ horizontal abduction and adduction = transverse plane and longitudinal axis
- a spin
what is flexion
decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint
what is extension
increasing the angle between the bones of a joint
what is plantar - flexion
pointing the toes/ pushing up on to you toes
what is dorsi - flexion
pulling the toes up to the shin
what is hyper extension
- increasing the angle beyond 180 between the bones of a joint
what is abduction
movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
what is adduction
movement of a body part towards the midline of the body
what is horizontal adduction
movement of a limb backwards while it is held parallel to the ground
what is horizonal abduction
movement of a limb forwards while it is held parallel to the ground
what is the agonist
the muscle that is responsible for the movement that is cooccurring
what is antagonist
the muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a co-ordinated movement)
what is the agonist and antagonist during a bicep curl
- bicep is the agonist
- triceps are the antagonist
what is the key thing to remember about agonists and antagonists
they work in pairs
what is a concentric contraction
when the muscle shortens under tension
what is eccentric contraction
when a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a brake
what are the two types of isotonic contraction
- eccentric
- concentric
what is a isometric contraction
when a muscle can contract without lengthening or shortening and the results is that no movement occurs. an isometric contraction occurs, when a muscle is acting as a fixator or acting against a resistance. a good example in the crucifix position in gymnastics
what are the 3 hinge joints
- ankle
- knee
- elbow
what are the 2 ball and socket joints
- shoulder
- hip
where movements occurs in the sagittal plane and about the transverse axis
- flexion
- extension
- plantar - flexion
- dorsi - flexion
- hyper - extension
what movements, occur in the frontal plane and about the sagittal axis
- abduction
- adduction
what movements, occur in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis.
- horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction
