the musculoskeletal system and analysis of movement in physical activities

Question 1

name the 2 types of joints that are present in the body

Answer 1

• ball and socket joint
• hinge joint

Question 2

what does the ball and socket joint allow for

Answer 2

it allows for movement in every direction

Question 3

what does a hinge joint allow for

Answer 3

it allows movement in only one direction

Question 4

name the articulating bones at each main joint in the body

Answer 4

Question 5

what is the sagittal plane

Answer 5

divides the body into right and left halves

Question 6

what is the frontal plane

Answer 6

divides the body into front and back halves

Question 7

what is the transverse plane

Answer 7

divides the body into upper and lower halves

Question 8

what is the transverse axis

Answer 8

runs from side to side across the body

Question 9

what is the sagittal axis

Answer 9

runs from front to back

Question 10

what is the longitudinal axis

Answer 10

runs from top to bottom

Question 11

what is FEST
give one example

Answer 11

• flexion/ extension = sagittal plane and longitudinal axis
• a somersault

Question 12

what is AAFS
give one example

Answer 12

-adduction/ abduction = frontal plane and sagittal axis
- a cartwheel

Question 13

what is RHATL
give one example

Answer 13

• rotation/ horizontal abduction and adduction = transverse plane and longitudinal axis
• a spin

Question 14

what is flexion

Answer 14

decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint

Question 15

what is extension

Answer 15

increasing the angle between the bones of a joint

Question 16

what is plantar - flexion

Answer 16

pointing the toes/ pushing up on to you toes

Question 17

what is dorsi - flexion

Answer 17

pulling the toes up to the shin

Question 18

what is hyper extension

Answer 18

• increasing the angle beyond 180 between the bones of a joint

Question 19

what is abduction

Answer 19

movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Question 20

what is adduction

Answer 20

movement of a body part towards the midline of the body

Question 21

what is horizontal adduction

Answer 21

movement of a limb backwards while it is held parallel to the ground

Question 22

what is horizonal abduction

Answer 22

movement of a limb forwards while it is held parallel to the ground

Question 23

what is the agonist

Answer 23

the muscle that is responsible for the movement that is cooccurring

Question 24

what is antagonist

Answer 24

the muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a co-ordinated movement)

Question 25

what is the agonist and antagonist during a bicep curl

Answer 25

- bicep is the agonist - triceps are the antagonist

Question 26

what is the key thing to remember about agonists and antagonists

Answer 26

they work in pairs

Question 27

what is a concentric contraction

Answer 27

when the muscle shortens under tension

Question 28

what is eccentric contraction

Answer 28

when a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a brake

Question 29

what are the two types of isotonic contraction

Answer 29

- eccentric - concentric

Question 30

what is a isometric contraction

Answer 30

when a muscle can contract without lengthening or shortening and the results is that no movement occurs. an isometric contraction occurs, when a muscle is acting as a fixator or acting against a resistance. a good example in the crucifix position in gymnastics

Question 31

what are the 3 hinge joints

Answer 31

- ankle - knee - elbow

Question 32

what are the 2 ball and socket joints

Answer 32

- shoulder - hip

Question 33

where movements occurs in the sagittal plane and about the transverse axis

Answer 33

- flexion - extension - plantar - flexion - dorsi - flexion - hyper - extension

Question 34

what movements, occur in the frontal plane and about the sagittal axis

Answer 34

- abduction - adduction

Question 35

what movements, occur in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis.

Answer 35

- horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction