US History - Industrial Supremecy - Notes Flashcards
Natural resources
- abundant coal deposits in PE, eastern KE, western VA efficient, warm, cheap, for melting rocks/ ore for iron ore -
- Iron ore near Lake Superior
- fresh water for cooling
- Petroleum or oil in western PE
- Copper
- Zink
New Inventions
Light bulb Telephone, Applied science research labs for businesses Record player ... Mostly mechanical
Significant advances in technology or industrial production methods
- improved method of steel production-2. Through mass production, standardization of parts increased-3 assembly line production first introduced in the meat packing industry
New Business Organizational Practices
- growth of stock options/stock trading/stock market
- limited liability as a legal business protection-
3. the business trust and holding company-
4. horizontal integration-
5.vertical integration-
Philip Armour
in meatpacking business, revolutionized idea of sending meat produced in Chicago everywhere in country in refridgerated railroad system
Lelan Stanford
Railroad business
James B. Duke
gave a lot to Trinity College, built new campus, created first cigarette factory, from cigarette maker to power industry
government support for Laissez faire
government leaves businesses to do whatever they want, no safety or health standards, no regulation on water, no regulations until 1900s
Rapid Population Growth due to Immigration and Longer Life Expectancy
- produces a bigger pool of workers- but less skills 2. Keeps workers wages low -
- Provides a bigger market for products-
- “Old Immigrants” continue to come- Ireland, Germany, Sweden, usually settle in cities
- “New Immigrants” begin to arrive, too-
Labor union tactics
1.sign up workers- 2. Negotiate from a “strength in numbers” perspective- 3. Go on strike when threats fail- 4.form picket lines- 5. sometimes resort to violence-
Owners’/Management’s tactics
1.Threaten organizers-
2. “blacklist” -
Yellow Dog Contract
3.scab -
A Hub for transportation of different kinds
- Railroad
- shipping
- Canals linked big cities
- Electric trolleys/ trams (electricity thanks to Thomas Edison)
- Subway
- Elevator, escalator
- Elevated rails
A Place to Locate BIG factories and industrial production, where the following can be combined
- workers, you knew how important you were by how close you lived to a factory
- natural resource, you would bring iron, coal, copper and workers were right there
- capital
- Transportation
- All important men, business owners, etc
A central place where business leaders (owners, management, financiers) can meet to exchange ideas, capital, influence, and status
- started to stack offices
- government offices
- Bank and stock exchanges
- Business club
A Place to Buy and Sell; new approaches to selling, with women as the target consumer group
1.”chain stores” like Sears Roebuck and J.C. Penny’s for the middle class- sold many different things or “department stores” like Marshall Fields or Macy’s for the upper classes- Macys bought Marshall Fields Woolworth’s for the working class- could buy most things for five or ten cents
2.ready made, pre-sized, “off the rack” clothes for the m.c.- for middle class
(upper class and some m.c. continue to buy designer or tailor-made-), workers bought second hand or made it themselves
3. local and national advertising campaigns- newspaper, catalogs, Newspaper: William Randolph Hearst, Pullitzer, billboards and signs on subway stations and trains, people on streets to buy products
