Urology - Testicular Conditions Flashcards
what is a varicocele?
abnormal dilation of internal spermatic beins and pampniform plexus
where is a varicocele found?
superior posterior aspect of the testes
features of a varicocele?
painless
bag of worms
small testicle
infertile
which testicle is more commonly affected by a varicocele? why?
left
testicular vein is longer
Tx for a varicocele?
reassure
observe
surgery
what happens in testicular torsion?
testicle twists on the spermatic cord
risk factors for testicular torsion?
puberty
exercise
<25
neonate
features of testicular torsion?
sudden onset pain Hx of self limiting pain N+V swelling high riding testicle
what happens in the bell clapper deformity?
testes can swing around the tunica vaginalis freely (like a bell)
higher risk of testicular torsion
Ix for testicular torsion?
testes high riding
absent cremasteric reflex
US
Tx for testicular torsion?
surgery (fix both sides if bell clapper deformity)
irreversible ischaemia >4hrs
features of torsion of the appendage?
tender at upper pole
blue dot
mobile testes
cremasteric reflex PRESENT
what is a hydrocele?
collection of fluid between the tunica vaginalis and testes
what anatomical variant can cause a hydrocele? what does this allow?
patent processus vaginalis
scrotum and peritoneum communicate
features of a hydrocele?
scrotal mass
transillumination
enlarges/varies during the day
