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AB 4th Year Surgical Specialties > Urology - Cancer > Flashcards

Urology - Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what type of cancer is most common in prostate cancer? where in the prostate is it usually found?

A

multifocal adenocarcinoma

peripheral zone

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2
Q

risk factors for prostate cancer?

A

age
ethnicity (black)
FHx

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3
Q

features of prostate cancer?

A 
haematuria
haematospermia
bone pain
anorexia
wt loss
nocturia
frequency
hesitancy
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4
Q

Ix for prostate cancer?

A

PR
PSA
TRUS
MRI/bone scan

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5
Q

what are PR findings for prostate cancer?

A

asymmetry
craggy mass
fixed

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6
Q

what else can increase PSA?

A 
BPH
prostatitis
PR
UTI's
retention
masturbation
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7
Q

what is the grading score used for prostate cancer?

A

Gleason’s

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8
Q

Tx for prostate cancer?

A

organ confined - monitor

prostatectomy

radiotherapy/brachytherapy

hormone therapy (androgen deprivation)

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9
Q

most common type of bladder cancer?

A

transitional cell (papillary)

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10
Q

what type of bladder cancer is schistomiasis associated with?

A

squamous

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11
Q

risk factors for bladder cancer?

A 
male
50s
smoking 
rubber industry 
cystitis
schistomiasis
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12
Q

features of bladder cancer?

A 
painless haematuria
dysuria
frequency
urgency
obstruction
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13
Q

Ix for bladder cancer?

A

urinalysis
cystoscopy
CT urography
MRI

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14
Q

Tx for bladder cancer?

A

diathermy ± chemo

cystectomy ± radio/chemo

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15
Q

what test is used as follow up post bladder cancer?

A

cystoscopy

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16
Q

who gets seminomas? other name for them?

A

older people
more common

potato tumour

17
Q

what are some examples of non seminomatous tumours? who gets them?

A

yolk sac
teratoma
choriocarcinoma

young people

18
Q

in what testicular cancer type does AFP rise?

A

yolk sac

19
Q

in what testicular cancer type does HCG rise?

A

teratoma

seminoma

20
Q

what is a risk factor for testicular cancer?

A

undescended testes

21
Q

most common type of renal cell carcinoma?

A

clear cell

22
Q

risk factors for renal cell carcinoma?

A 
male
smoking 
obesity
HT
FHx
65-75yrs
23
Q

features of renal cell carcinoma?

A 
loin pain 
renal mass
haematuria 
paraneoplastic syndrome
(wt loss, anaemia, hypercalcaemia)
24
Q

Ix for renal cell carcinoma?

A

US

CT

25
Q

Tx for renal cell carcinoma?

A

partial/radical nephrectomy

radiofrequency ablation

AB 4th Year Surgical Specialties (16 decks)

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