ENT - Throat Flashcards
features of tonsillitis?
sore throat headache enlarged tonsils red tonsils enlarged nodes runny nose cough pus on tonsils
cause of tonsillitis?
rhinovirus
adenovirus
GABHS
what are the centor criteria? score for Abx?
fever absent cough tonsillar exudate tender anterior cervical nodes <15 +1 >45 -1 4=Abx
Tx for tonsillitis?
benzylpen/clarithro
supportive
who gets tonsillitis surgery?
seven or more in a year
5 or more (each year) in past 2 years
3 or more (each year)in past 3 years
what happens in a quinsy?
peritonsillar abscess
features of a quinsy?
sore throat hot potato voice bulge trismus ulnar deviation
Tx of quinsy?
drainage
IV benzylpen
what causes scarlet fever?
exotoxins released by strep pyogenes (a GABHS)
features of scarlet fever?
fever pharyngeal oedema sore throat palatel petechiae strawberry tongue generalised erythematous rash (feels like sandpaper)
Ix and Tx for scarlet fever?
throat swab
penicillin
what causes glandular fever?
EBV infection
features of glandular fever?
lymphadenopathy sore throat palatel petechiae malaise fever spleno/hepatomegaly jaundice
Ix for glandular fever and results?
FBC (lymphocytosis, haemolytic anaemia)
monospot test
EBV antibodies
LFTs (deranged)
Tx for glandular fever?
supportive
avoid contact sport
avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic drugs
risk factors for sialadenitis?
malnutrition
immunosuppresion
sjogren’s
age
features of sialadenitis?
fever pain dysphagia swelling pus
causes of sialadenitis?
malnutrition
bacterial (staph/haem)
drugs
what drugs can cause sialadenitis?
diuretics antihistamines antidepressants anti HT anti cholinergics
Tx for bacterial sialadenitis?
fluclox + met
or doxy + met
what are the benign tumours of the salivary glands?
pleomorphic adenoma
warthin’s (smokers)
what is the malignant tumours of the salivary glands?
adenoid cystic
what is bell’s palsy?
acute unilateral peripheral CNVII palsy
features of bell’s palsy?
hyperacusis dysgeusia otalgia salivary gland dysfunction mouth sag impaired CNVII functions ± HSV lesions in ear/throat
is the forehead spared in bell’s palsy? why?
NO
LMN palsy so all affected
what is forehead spared in? why?
stroke
UMN palsy
Tx for bell’s palsy?
pred 40-60
acyclovir if needed
