ENT - Throat

Question 1

features of tonsillitis?

Answer 1

sore throat
headache
enlarged tonsils
red tonsils
enlarged nodes
runny nose
cough 
pus on tonsils

Question 2

cause of tonsillitis?

Answer 2

rhinovirus
adenovirus

GABHS

Question 3

what are the centor criteria? score for Abx?

Answer 3

fever
absent cough 
tonsillar exudate
tender anterior cervical nodes
<15 +1
>45 -1
4=Abx

Question 4

Tx for tonsillitis?

Answer 4

benzylpen/clarithro

supportive

Question 5

who gets tonsillitis surgery?

Answer 5

seven or more in a year

5 or more (each year) in past 2 years

3 or more (each year)in past 3 years

Question 6

what happens in a quinsy?

Answer 6

peritonsillar abscess

Question 7

features of a quinsy?

Answer 7

sore throat
hot potato voice
bulge
trismus
ulnar deviation

Question 8

Tx of quinsy?

Answer 8

drainage

IV benzylpen

Question 9

what causes scarlet fever?

Answer 9

exotoxins released by strep pyogenes (a GABHS)

Question 10

features of scarlet fever?

Answer 10

fever
pharyngeal oedema
sore throat
palatel petechiae
strawberry tongue
generalised erythematous rash (feels like sandpaper)

Question 11

Ix and Tx for scarlet fever?

Answer 11

throat swab

penicillin

Question 12

what causes glandular fever?

Answer 12

EBV infection

Question 13

features of glandular fever?

Answer 13

lymphadenopathy 
sore throat
palatel petechiae
malaise
fever
spleno/hepatomegaly
jaundice

Question 14

Ix for glandular fever and results?

Answer 14

FBC (lymphocytosis, haemolytic anaemia)
monospot test
EBV antibodies
LFTs (deranged)

Question 15

Tx for glandular fever?

Answer 15

supportive
avoid contact sport
avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic drugs

Question 16

risk factors for sialadenitis?

Answer 16

malnutrition
immunosuppresion
sjogren’s
age

Question 17

features of sialadenitis?

Answer 17

fever
pain
dysphagia
swelling
pus

Question 18

causes of sialadenitis?

Answer 18

malnutrition
bacterial (staph/haem)
drugs

Question 19

what drugs can cause sialadenitis?

Answer 19

diuretics
antihistamines
antidepressants
anti HT
anti cholinergics

Question 20

Tx for bacterial sialadenitis?

Answer 20

fluclox + met

or doxy + met

Question 21

what are the benign tumours of the salivary glands?

Answer 21

pleomorphic adenoma

warthin’s (smokers)

Question 22

what is the malignant tumours of the salivary glands?

Answer 22

adenoid cystic

Question 23

what is bell’s palsy?

Answer 23

acute unilateral peripheral CNVII palsy

Question 24

features of bell’s palsy?

Answer 24

hyperacusis
dysgeusia 
otalgia
salivary gland dysfunction
mouth sag
impaired CNVII functions
± HSV lesions in ear/throat

Question 25

is the forehead spared in bell’s palsy? why?

Answer 25

NO

LMN palsy so all affected

Question 26

what is forehead spared in? why?

Answer 26

stroke

UMN palsy

Question 27

Tx for bell’s palsy?

Answer 27

pred 40-60

acyclovir if needed