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AB 4th Year Surgical Specialties > Ophthalmology - Vision Loss > Flashcards

Ophthalmology - Vision Loss Flashcards

1
Q

what causes a CRAO?

A

type of stroke
carotid artery disease
emboli from heart

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2
Q

features of CRAO?

A

painless visual loss
profound
RAPD

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3
Q

features of CRAO on ophthalmoscopy?

A

pale
oedematous retina
thread like vessels
cherry red macula

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4
Q

Tx for CRAO?

A 
ocular massage (convert to a Branch RAO)
carotid doppler
manage risk factors
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5
Q

what is amaurosis fugax?

A

TIA
transient visual loss
curtain coming down

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6
Q

what is a CRVO?

A

interruption of venous drainage from the retinal tissues

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7
Q

risk factors for CRVO?

A 
DM
HT
atherosclerosis
glaucoma
raised IOP
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8
Q

features of CRVO?

A

painless sudden visual loss

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9
Q

features of CRVO on ophthalmoscopy?

A 
dark haemorrhaged
dilated veins
disc swelling 
macula swelling 
cotton wool spots
blot haemorrhages
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10
Q

Tx for CRVO?

A

anti VEGFs

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11
Q

what happens in a retinal detachment?

A

sensory retina detaches from the retinal pigment epithelium

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12
Q

features of retinal detachment?

A

flashes
floaters
field loss
fall in acuity

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13
Q

Tx for retinal detachment?

A

laser
scleral buckle
vitrectomy (avoid flying)

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14
Q

features of wet vs dry ARMD?

A

wet:
rapid central visual loss
distortion

dry:
gradual decline
central vision missing (scotoma)

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15
Q

what is the pathology behind wet vs dry ARMD?

A

wet:
new blood vessels grow at the choroid
leak and cause scarring

dry:
wear and tear of the retinal pigment epithelium

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16
Q

features of wet vs dry ARMD on opthalmoscopy?

A

wet:
haemorrhage
exudate

dry:
drusen
atrophic retina patches

17
Q

Tx for wet ARMD?

A

anti VEGF injections

18
Q

Tx for dry ARMD?

A

supportive

amsler grid to self monitor

19
Q

what is a cataract?

A

opacity of the lens

20
Q

risk factors for cataracts?

A 
age
smoking
alcohol
DM
steroids
radiotherapy
trauma
sunlight exposure
21
Q

features of cataracts?

A

blurred vision
haloes around light
difficulty driving at night
become more myopic (short sighted)

22
Q

Tx for cataracts?

A

phacoemulsification with a lens implant

post op:
pred drops
chloramphenicol drops

23
Q

features of vitreous haemorrhage?

A

sudden painless vision loss
dark spots
red tinge

24
Q

what can cause vitreous haemorrhage?

A

DM
anticoagulants
bleeding disorders

AB 4th Year Surgical Specialties (16 decks)

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