ENT - Nose Flashcards
what features are present in hereditary haemorrhagic telangectasia?
telangectasia on: lips mouth nose fingers colon kidney lungs
PR bleed
haemoptysis
haematuria
nosebleeds
risk factors for epistaxis?
antiplatelet/coag cocaine vWB haemophilia ITP alcohol neoplasms
what area of the nose most commonly bleeds?
anterior
little’s area (anastamosis of 5 arteries)
what blood vessels are affected in posterior nose bleeds?
sphenopalatine arteries
what 5 arteries anastamose in little’s area?
anterior ethmoidal posterior ethmoidal sphenopalatine greater palatine septal branch of superior labial
initial epistaxis management?
sit up
pinch nose
apply ice
cauterise with silver nitrate
audrenaline gauze for vasoconstriction
anterior packing
Tx for active epistaxis?
endoscopic ligation of sphenopalatine/maxillary
embolisation
what is the commonest cause of sinusitis? how long does it last?
viral
<10 days
what commonly causes bacteria sinusitis? how long does it last?
strep pneumoniae
haem influenza
>10 days
common causes of allergic sinusitis?
dust mite/faeces
cats and dogs
grass pollen
tree pollen (spring)
features of sinusitis?
congested facial pain pressure reduced pain nasal discharge sore teeth
Ix for allergic sinusitis?
skin prick
RAST for histamine levels
Tx for sinusitis?
viral - self limiting
bacterial - pen/doxy
chronic - steroid spray
allergic - loratidine, beclametasone spray
