Ophthalmology - Miscellaneous Flashcards
what is papilloedema?
swollen optic dics secondary to raised ICP
features of papilloedema?
visual loss
blurred
constricted visual field
decreased colour vision
what components is ICP made up of?
brain
blood
CSF
what causes horner’s syndrome to result?
interruption of the faces sympathetic nerve supply (thoracolumbar)
travels through internal carotid so pathology here can cause
features of horner’s syndrome?
ptosis
miosis
anhydrosis
causes of horner’s syndrome?
surgery
ICA dissection
brachial plexus trauma
pancoast tumour
what is a phoria?
latent squint
what is a tropia?
manifest squint
features of a phoria?
symmetrical corneal reflections
deviation in both eyes
binocular vision
features of a tropia?
asymmetrical corneal reflections
poor binocular vision
squint in one eye at a time
what is it called when the eye is in? what way does it move on cover test?
ESO
out
what is it called when the eye is out? what way does it move on cover test?
EXO
in
Tx for amblyopia?
correct refractive error
<8yrs patch
botox
surgery
causes of no red reflex?
coloboma
cataract
retinoblastoma
retinal detachment
how is toxoplasmosis spread?
cat/dog poo
parasitic roundworm that infects humans
features of toxoplasmosis?
chorioretinitis
(blurred vision)
encephalitis (slurred speech headache unsteady gait confusion)
sight loss
what is blepharitis?
inflam of the eyelids
Tx for blepharitis?
lid hygiene
warm compress
doxy if needed
what is posterior blepharitis? where is red?
meibomian gland dysfunction
red in deeper part of lid
what is anterior blepharitis? where is redder?
inflam of skin, lashes and lash follicles
lig margin redder
what does CN VI supply?
LR
what does CN IV supply?
SO
what does CN III supply?
LPS
extraocular muscles (not LR and SO)
constrictor pupillae
ciliary muscles
what is a CN III palsy like? what can cause it?
down and out
painful = aneurysm
blown pupil = tumour/compression
pupil spared = ischaemic/DM/HT
what is a CN IV palsy like? what can cause it?
depression and adducted
vertical double vision
head trauma
tumour
congenital
what is a CN VIpalsy like? what can cause it?
abduction
horizontal double vision
tumour
congenital
usually have raised ICP
in order, what is the shortest to longest acting dilating drops? how long?
tropicamide
cyclopentolate (1day)
atropine (3wks)
causes of papilloedema?
SOL
idiopathic intracranial HT
hypercapnia
hydrocephalus
features of anterior bleph?
how do you differentiate between seb and staph?
gritty
foreign body sensation
seb: red lid, scale, dry
staph: red lid, lashes distorted, styes
what is posterior bleph associated with?
rosacea
features of posterior bleph?
chalazia
pouted/swollen meibomiam glands
Tx for posterior bleph?
topical steroids
doxy
