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Pediatric EOR > Urology/Renal > Flashcards

Urology/Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Define Phimosis

A
  • Inability to retract the foreskin
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2
Q

Management of Phimosis

A
  • corticosteroids
  • Circumcision
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3
Q

Do no retract foreskin before infant turns what age

A
  • 6 months
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4
Q

Define Paraphimosis

A
  • Retracted foreskin in an uncircumscribed male that can not be returned to natural position
  • entrapment -> impaired venous flow -> engorgement -> Arterial compromise
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5
Q

Management of paraphimosis

A
  • manual reduction
  • or urology consult for surgery
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6
Q

Define hypospadias

A

Congenital anomaly that results in abnormal ventral placement of the urethra

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7
Q

Management of hypospadias

A
  • Referral to Urology
  • surgery performed at 6 months
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8
Q

Define Cryptorchidism

A
  • A testis that is not within the scrotum and does not spontaneously descend by 4 months of age
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9
Q

Cryptorchidism may increase the risk of these conditions

A
  • Testicular cancer
  • Subfertility (improved if corrected before 1 yr of age)
  • testicular torsion (10x more common)
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10
Q

Most common located for cryptorchidism

A
  • suprascrotal
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11
Q

Tx for cryptorchidism

A
  • Spontaneous descent is rare after 6 months
  • surgery around 6 months
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12
Q

Define testicular torsion

A
  • Twisting of the spermatic cord due to a poorly attached testicle (should be anchored to tunica vaginalis) that may result in vascular compromise
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13
Q

Peak incidence of testicular torsion

A
  • Neonatal - extravaginal
  • puberty
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14
Q

Test of choice to diagnose testicular torsion

A
  • Ultrasound
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15
Q

Tx of testicular torsion

A
  • immediate urology referral
  • surgerical detorsion and fixation
  • detorsion within 4-6 hrs = 100% viable; after 12 hrs = 20% viable; after 24 hours = 0% viable
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16
Q

Antibiotic choices for children diagnosed with UTI

A
  • augmentin
  • amoxicillin
  • cephalexin (keflex)
  • bactrim
17
Q

What imaging study is first line in child with UTI if indicated

A
  • Renal and bladder US
18
Q

Indications for Renal and Bladder US in children

A
  • Children < 2 y.o. With first febrile UTI
  • Children at any age with recurrent UTI
  • Children with UTI and + FH of renal or urologic disease, poor growth, or HTN
  • children who do not respond as expected to appropriate abx therapy
19
Q

Test of choice for vesicoureteral reflux

A
  • Voiding cystourethrogram
20
Q

Define vesicoureteral reflux

A
  • Retrograde flow of urine from bladder into the upper urinary tract
21
Q

Define Enuresis

A
  • Accidents occurring after successful potty training
22
Q

Define diurnal enuresis

A
  • Accidents occurring during the day
  • abnormal after 4 y.o.
23
Q

When is nocturnal enuresis abnormal

A
  • Boys: after age 6 y.o.
  • Girls: after age 5 y.o.
24
Q

Diagnostics for abnormal enuresis

A
  • UA
  • RBUS
  • referal to urology
25
Q

Tx for enuresis

A
  • Timed voiding q 2 hrs
  • no liquids 90 min before bed
  • constipation management
  • DDAVP (synthetic ADH)
26
Q

Define hydrocele

A
  • Cystic collection of fluid in testicle
  • MC cause of painless scrotal swelling
27
Q

Differentiate between a communicating and no communicating hydrocele

A
  • Communicating: fluid from hydrocele connects to peritoneal cavity from a patent processes vaginalis
  • Noncommunicating: no connection to peritoneum due to closed processes vaginalis
28
Q

Cause of congenital hydrocele

A
  • Due to incomplete obliteration of the processes vaginalis
  • defect usually close within 1st year and may not require tx
29
Q

List the hallmark signs of glomerulonephritis

A
  • HTN
  • hematuria
  • edema
  • azotemia
30
Q

What is IGA Nephropathy (Berger dz)

A
  • type of glomerulonephritis that often occurs 24-48 hrs after URI or GI infection
  • due to IgA immune complexes
31
Q

Post infectious glomerulonephritis occurs after infection with

A
  • GABHS
  • 10-14 days after skin (ex. Impetigo) or pharyngeal infection
32
Q

How is Post infectious glomerulonephritis diagnosed

A
  • ASO titer
  • low serum complement

Pediatric EOR (11 decks)

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