HEENT Flashcards
1
Q
Etiology of bacterial conjunctivitis
A
- Strep pneumo
- M. Catarrhalis
- H. Influenzae
2
Q
Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
A
- Ointment preferred over drops in young children
- Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
3
Q
Neonatal conjunctivitis is caused by
A
- chlamydia trachomatis
4
Q
Contact lens wearers have a high risk of
A
- Pseudomonal keratitis
5
Q
Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis
A
- Adenovirus
6
Q
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
A
- Antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties
- Ex: Azelastine ophthalmic
7
Q
Define strabismus
A
- Misalignment of the eyes
8
Q
Define Amblyopia
A
- Visual impairment resulting from abnormal visual stimulation during early childhood
- lazy eye
- can result from strabismus
9
Q
Azelastine
A
- Antihistamine spray
10
Q
form of stabismus in which one or both eyes are turned inward
A
esotropia
11
Q
form of stabismus in which one or both eyes are turned outward
A
exotropia
12
Q
Etiology of acute otitis media
A
- strep pneumo
- H. influenza
- M. Catarrhalis
13
Q
bulging TM associated with otalgia is characteristic of
A
acute otitis media
14
Q
Tx of AOM
A
amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day divided by q 12 hours
15
Q
Who should get Abx for treatment of AOM
A
- all children < 6 months
- 6 mo - 2 yr with fever > 102.2F
- > 2 years if diagnosis is certain, fever > 102.2
- persistent otalgia > 48 hrs, BL
16
Q
define recurrent AOM
A
- > or = 3 episodes in 6 months
- > or = 4 episodes per year
17
Q
Etiology of otitis externa
A
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- staph. aureus
18
Q
treatment of otitis externa
A
- Ofloxacin otic
- okay for perforated tympanic membrane
- Cortisporin otic
- do not use if perf. TM
19
Q
Dennie-morgan lines are consistent with what condition
A
allergic rhinitis
- accentuated lines/folds below lower lids
20
Q
first line treatment for allergic rhinitis
A
-
intranasal steroid
- Flonase
21
Q
olopatadine
A
antihistamine
22
Q
most common cause of viral URI
A
rhinovirus
23
Q
most common cause of pharyngitis
A
VIRAL
24
Q
Patient comes in with sore throat and fever, what other symptoms would you expect in a viral infection
A
- cough
- nasal congestion or rhinorrhea
- GI symptoms
25
cause of infectious mononucleosis
epstein barr virus
26
patients with infectious mononucleosis treated with what abx could develop a rash
* ampicillin or amoxicillin
27
infectious mononucleosis classically presents with
* fatigue
* tender cervical lymphadenopathy
28
managment of infectious mononucleosis
* fluids, rest, analgesics
* activity restriction x 4 weeks
29
treatment of viral pharyngitis
* miracle mouthwash
30
what is scarlet fever
* A bacterial illness that develops in some people who have strep throat.
* rash
31
List Centor criteria for GAS pharyngitis
* pharyngeal exudates
* cervical adenopathy
* fever
* lack of cough/rhinorrhea
if all are (+), 40-60% positive predictive value for GAS
32
treatment of GAS pharyngitis
* penicillin, amoxicillin or 1st gen cephalosporin
33
acute rheumatic fever develops 2-4 weeks after infection with
Group A strep
34
who qualifies to get tonsills removed
* at least 7 episodes in the last year
* at least 5 episodes in the past 2 years
* at least 3 episodes in the past 3 years
35
etiology of oral candidiasis
candida albicans
36
patient presents with adherent white curd like plaques on tongue. How can you diagnose etiology of oral candidiasis
* "thrush will brush"
* diagnosis is clinical
37
tx of oral candidiasis
nystatin oral suspension
38
cause of epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae type B
39
Child presents with dysphagia, drooling, and distress. What must be ruled out
epiglottitis
40
what sign of radiography is associated with epiglottitis
thumb sign
41
tx of epiglottitis
ceftriaxone
42
trismus
* reduced opening of the jaws caused by spasm of the muscles of mastication, or may generally refer to all causes of limited mouth opening
43
patient presents with hot potato voice, severe, unilateral sore throat, drooling, and trismus. Rule out what condition
peritonsillar abscess
44
what diagnostics would you order with suspected peritonsillar abscess
* labs
* CBC, CMP
* throat culture
* imaging: CT with IV contrast
45
major concern with orbital cellulitis
vision loss (11%)
46
management of orbital cellulitis in outpatient setting
hospitalized for treatment
47
Sensorineural hearing ability is mediated by
* inner ear composed of the cochlea with its internal basilar membrane and attached cochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)
48
how is a Weber test performed
* vibrating tuning fork placed top of the head equi-distant from the patient's ears
* The patient is asked to report in which ear the sound is heard louder.
49
What is a normal Weber test
patient reporting the sound heard equally in both sides.
50
how is a Rinne test performed
* a vibrating tuning fork is placed initially on the mastoid process behind each ear until sound is no longer heard.
* The fork is then immediately placed just outside the ear with the patient asked to report when the sound caused by the vibration is no longer heard.
51
what is a normal rinne test
* A normal or positive Rinne test is when the sound heard outside the ear (air conduction or AC) is louder than the initial sound heard when the tuning fork end is placed against the skin on top of the mastoid process behind the ear (bone conduction or BC). Therefore, AC \> BC
52
In conductive hearing loss, what will the weber and rinne test show
* Weber: lateralization to ABNORMAL ear
* Rinne: Bone conduction \> air conduction
53
In sensineuronal hearing loss, what will the weber and rinne test show
* Weber: Lateralization to NORMAL ear
* Rinne: AC \> BC in normal ear
54
acute mastoiditis is associated with what condition
AOM
