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Pediatric EOR > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology of bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  • Strep pneumo
  • M. Catarrhalis
  • H. Influenzae
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2
Q

Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  • Ointment preferred over drops in young children
  • Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
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3
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis is caused by

A
  • chlamydia trachomatis
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4
Q

Contact lens wearers have a high risk of

A
  • Pseudomonal keratitis
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5
Q

Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A
  • Adenovirus
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6
Q

Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

A
  • Antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties
  • Ex: Azelastine ophthalmic
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7
Q

Define strabismus

A
  • Misalignment of the eyes
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8
Q

Define Amblyopia

A
  • Visual impairment resulting from abnormal visual stimulation during early childhood
  • lazy eye
  • can result from strabismus
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9
Q

Azelastine

A
  • Antihistamine spray
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10
Q

form of stabismus in which one or both eyes are turned inward

A

esotropia

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11
Q

form of stabismus in which one or both eyes are turned outward

A

exotropia

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12
Q

Etiology of acute otitis media

A
  • strep pneumo
  • H. influenza
  • M. Catarrhalis
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13
Q

bulging TM associated with otalgia is characteristic of

A

acute otitis media

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14
Q

Tx of AOM

A

amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day divided by q 12 hours

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15
Q

Who should get Abx for treatment of AOM

A
  • all children < 6 months
  • 6 mo - 2 yr with fever > 102.2F
  • > 2 years if diagnosis is certain, fever > 102.2
    • persistent otalgia > 48 hrs, BL
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16
Q

define recurrent AOM

A
  • > or = 3 episodes in 6 months
  • > or = 4 episodes per year
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17
Q

Etiology of otitis externa

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • staph. aureus
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18
Q

treatment of otitis externa

A
  • Ofloxacin otic
    • okay for perforated tympanic membrane
  • Cortisporin otic
    • do not use if perf. TM
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19
Q

Dennie-morgan lines are consistent with what condition

A

allergic rhinitis

  • accentuated lines/folds below lower lids
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20
Q

first line treatment for allergic rhinitis

A
  • intranasal steroid
    • ​Flonase
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21
Q

olopatadine

A

antihistamine

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22
Q

most common cause of viral URI

A

rhinovirus

23
Q

most common cause of pharyngitis

A

VIRAL

24
Q

Patient comes in with sore throat and fever, what other symptoms would you expect in a viral infection

A
  • cough
  • nasal congestion or rhinorrhea
  • GI symptoms
25
Q

cause of infectious mononucleosis

A

epstein barr virus

26
Q

patients with infectious mononucleosis treated with what abx could develop a rash

A
  • ampicillin or amoxicillin
27
Q

infectious mononucleosis classically presents with

A
  • fatigue
  • tender cervical lymphadenopathy
28
Q

managment of infectious mononucleosis

A
  • fluids, rest, analgesics
  • activity restriction x 4 weeks
29
Q

treatment of viral pharyngitis

A
  • miracle mouthwash
30
Q

what is scarlet fever

A
  • A bacterial illness that develops in some people who have strep throat.
  • rash
31
Q

List Centor criteria for GAS pharyngitis

A
  • pharyngeal exudates
  • cervical adenopathy
  • fever
  • lack of cough/rhinorrhea

if all are (+), 40-60% positive predictive value for GAS

32
Q

treatment of GAS pharyngitis

A
  • penicillin, amoxicillin or 1st gen cephalosporin
33
Q

acute rheumatic fever develops 2-4 weeks after infection with

A

Group A strep

34
Q

who qualifies to get tonsills removed

A
  • at least 7 episodes in the last year
  • at least 5 episodes in the past 2 years
  • at least 3 episodes in the past 3 years
35
Q

etiology of oral candidiasis

A

candida albicans

36
Q

patient presents with adherent white curd like plaques on tongue. How can you diagnose etiology of oral candidiasis

A
  • “thrush will brush”
  • diagnosis is clinical
37
Q

tx of oral candidiasis

A

nystatin oral suspension

38
Q

cause of epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

39
Q

Child presents with dysphagia, drooling, and distress. What must be ruled out

A

epiglottitis

40
Q

what sign of radiography is associated with epiglottitis

A

thumb sign

41
Q

tx of epiglottitis

A

ceftriaxone

42
Q

trismus

A
  • reduced opening of the jaws caused by spasm of the muscles of mastication, or may generally refer to all causes of limited mouth opening
43
Q

patient presents with hot potato voice, severe, unilateral sore throat, drooling, and trismus. Rule out what condition

A

peritonsillar abscess

44
Q

what diagnostics would you order with suspected peritonsillar abscess

A
  • labs
    • CBC, CMP
  • throat culture
  • imaging: CT with IV contrast
45
Q

major concern with orbital cellulitis

A

vision loss (11%)

46
Q

management of orbital cellulitis in outpatient setting

A

hospitalized for treatment

47
Q

Sensorineural hearing ability is mediated by

A
  • inner ear composed of the cochlea with its internal basilar membrane and attached cochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)
48
Q

how is a Weber test performed

A
  • vibrating tuning fork placed top of the head equi-distant from the patient’s ears
  • The patient is asked to report in which ear the sound is heard louder.
49
Q

What is a normal Weber test

A

patient reporting the sound heard equally in both sides.

50
Q

how is a Rinne test performed

A
  • a vibrating tuning fork is placed initially on the mastoid process behind each ear until sound is no longer heard.
  • The fork is then immediately placed just outside the ear with the patient asked to report when the sound caused by the vibration is no longer heard.
51
Q

what is a normal rinne test

A
  • A normal or positive Rinne test is when the sound heard outside the ear (air conduction or AC) is louder than the initial sound heard when the tuning fork end is placed against the skin on top of the mastoid process behind the ear (bone conduction or BC). Therefore, AC > BC
52
Q

In conductive hearing loss, what will the weber and rinne test show

A
  • Weber: lateralization to ABNORMAL ear
  • Rinne: Bone conduction > air conduction
53
Q

In sensineuronal hearing loss, what will the weber and rinne test show

A
  • Weber: Lateralization to NORMAL ear
  • Rinne: AC > BC in normal ear
54
Q

acute mastoiditis is associated with what condition

A

AOM

Pediatric EOR (11 decks)

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