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Pediatric EOR > Ortho/Rheumatology > Flashcards

Ortho/Rheumatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Nursemaid’s elbow

A
  • Dislocation of radial head
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2
Q

How can you reduce a Nursemaid’s elbow

A
  1. supination and flexion with pressure over radial head
  2. hyperpronation with pressure over radial head
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3
Q

Define scoliosis

A
  • lateral curvature of the spine > 10 degrees
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4
Q

How is scoliosis diagnosed?

A
  • Adams forward bending test
  • Cobb’s angle measured on AP/lateral films
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5
Q

Tx for scoliosis

A
  • TLSO brace if curvature 20-40 degrees
  • surgery if curvature > 40 degrees
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6
Q

What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

A
  • Slippage of femoral epiphysis off of femoral metaphysis “ice cream falling off of a cone” at the growth plate
  • femoral head slips posterior and inferior
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7
Q

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis is most common in what patient population

A
  • african american obese males ages 10-16
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8
Q

Patients with Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis often present complaining of

A
  • knee pain
  • can present with a limp and external rotation
  • restricted abduction and internal rotation
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9
Q

What are the greatest risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip

A
  • first born
  • female
  • breech
  • family history
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10
Q

Barlow maneuver

A
  • Adduct the hip (bring knee to midline) while applying pressure on the knee, directing the force posteriorly
  • Test is positive
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11
Q

What is the Ortolani maneuver

A
  • Relocation of the dislocated hip caused by Barlow test
  • Flex hips and knees to 90 degrees, apply pressure to greater trochanter and slowly abduct the hip
  • Positive test is relocation of hip
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12
Q

What is Galeazzi maneuver

A
  • Bend both knees and rest feet on table. Affected hip shorter in comparison
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13
Q

How is developmental dysplasia of the hip diagnosed

A
  • clinical
  • Dynamic stress US after 3-4 weeks of age
  • Radiographs after 4-6 months of age
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14
Q

Management of developmental dysplasia of the hip

A
  • Pavlik harness
  • monitor is US monthly until 6 months of age -> then radiographs
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15
Q

What is Legg-calve-perthes disease

A
  • idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head in children due to ischemia of capital femoral epiphysis
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16
Q

Legg-calve-perthes disease most commonly presents in what type of patient population

A
  • children 4-10 y.o.
  • MC in boys
  • Thin and extremely active
17
Q

How does Legg-calve-perthes disease commonly present

A
  • painless limping x weeks
  • loss of abduction and internal rotation
18
Q

Tx for Legg-calve-perthes disease

A
  • abduction bracing: children > 5 y.o. Or significant loss of abduction
19
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease

A
  • Inflammation and irritation of patellar tendon insertion of tibial tubercle
  • presents with tenderness of tibial tubercle and enlargement or bony protrusion of tibial tubercle
  • Pain flares around time of rapid growth
20
Q

Management of Osgood-Schlatter disease

A
  • Obtain lateral X-ray to rule out avulsion
  • Rest, Ibuprofen, Quad exercises, Ice, chopat strap
21
Q

Most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents

A

osteosarcoma

22
Q

What is a osteosarcoma

A
  • Primary malignant tumor characterized by production of osteoid or immature bone by malignant cells
  • Growth spurt in metaphysis of rapidly growing bones, most commonly tibia or femur
23
Q

What is ewings sarcoma

A
  • malignancy of bone or soft tissue
  • 2nd most common primary bone malignancy
24
Q

Most common soft tissue malignancy seen in childhood

A
  • rhabdomyosarcoma
  • usually manifests as an expanding mass
25
Q

What lab tests should you order if you suspect Juvenille Rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • CBC
  • ESR
  • CRP
  • ANA
  • Rheumatoid factor
  • anti-CCP
  • chlamydia test
  • ferritin
  • US of affected joints
26
Q

Patients diagnosed with Juvenille Rheumatoid arthritis should undergo regular ophthalmologist exams to detect and manage what condition

A

anterior uveitis

27
Q

Management of Juvenille Rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • intra-articulate corticosteroids if only a few joints are affected
  • Methotrexate is most commonly used DMARD

Pediatric EOR (11 decks)

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