Neuro and developmental Flashcards
Genetic abnormality in Turners syndrome
- 45X
What cardiac abnormalities are common in children with turners syndrome
- bicuspid valve (aortic stenosis)
- coarctation of aorta
What renal malformation is commonly seen in girls with turners syndrome
- horseshoe kidney
Most common cause of meningitis in ages < 1 month
- Group B strep = strep agalactiae (70%)
- Listeria monocytogenes
Tx for meningitis in children < 1 month
- Ampicillin (for listeria) + cefotaxime or aminoglycoside
Most common pathogens causing meningitis in 1 month - 18 y.o.
- N. meningitidis (associated with a petechial rash)
- S. Pneumo
Tx for meningitis for 1 mo-18 y.o.
- Ceftriaxone + vancomycin
Most common cause of meningitis in 18 y.o. To 50 y.o.
- strep pneumo (50%) MC
- N. Meningitidis (assoc with petechial rash)
Tx for bacterial meningitis in 18 y.o. To 50 y.o.
- ceftriaxone + vancomycin
Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults > 50 y.o.
- Step pneumo
- listeria monocytogenes
Tx for bacterial meningitis in adults > 50 y.o.
- Ampicillin + ceftriaxone +/- vancomycin
What is Kernig sign
- Thigh is flexed at hip and knee is at 90 degrees
- subsequent extension of knee is painful
Brudzinski’s sign
- neck flexion produces knee/hip flexion
What you expect CSF analysis to be for bacterial meningitis in terms of
- neutrophils
- glucose
- total protein
- CSF pressure
- neutrophils: increased (100-10,000)
- glucose: decreased ( < 45)
- total protein: high (> 200)
- CSF pressure: increased
** if glucose is normal, then viral meningitis is most likely. IF WBC are predominantly neutrophils, then it is likely bacterial
Post exposure prophylaxis medication for exposure to meningitis
- ciprofloxacin
