Cardiology Flashcards
Most common heart defect in Down Syndrome
VSD
Genetic disorder of inappropriate LV and RV hypertrophy (especially septal)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Murmur associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Systolic ejection crescendo-descrescendo murmur
Valsalva has what effect on murmur associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- valsava decreases venous return and thus increases murmur
- Standing also decreases venous return and increases murmur
Lying down or squatting has what effect on murmur associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Increases venous return and therefore decreases murmur intensity
Subaortic outflow obstruction, hypertrophied septum, and diastolic dysfunction are seen with what genetic disorder
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
First line medical treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
Sudden cardiac death seen in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is usually due to
- Ventricular fibrillation
What is the valsava maneuver
- Moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway
Acute rheumatic fever develops 2-3 weeks after infection caused by
Group A streptococcal pharyngitis
Most common heart murmur associated with Acute rheumatic fever
- mitral stenosis
List the Jones criteria for Acute rheumatic fever
- Carditis
- polyarthritis
- chorea
- erythema marginatum
- subcutaneous nodules
Treatment for Acute rheumatic fever
- Penicillin
Is VSD considered cyanotic or acyanotic
- Acyanotic because it is a Left to Right shunt
Most common congenital heart defect
- VSD
murmur associated with VSD
Holosytolic at LLSB
Medical management of VSD
- Diuretics
- ACE-Inhibitors
What is an atrial septal defect? Is it cyanotic or acyanotic
- Failure of septum primum and septum secondum to overlap
- acyanotic
What is a patent ductus arteriosis
- Communication between descending thoracic aorta and the pulmonary artery
Murmur associated with PDA
- Systolic ejection murmur loudest at Left upper sternal border
- described as a continuous machinery mumur
Medical management of PDA
- indomethacin
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of what abnormalities
- VSD
- Overriding Aorta
- Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
- RV hypertrophy
Is Tetralogy of Fallot a cyanotic or acyanotic condition
- cyanotic
Clinical presentation of Kawasaki disease
- Fever + CRASH
- Fever of at least 5 days
- Conjunctivitis (bilateral)
- Rash (morbilliform)
- Adenopathy (cervical)
- Strawberry tongue
- Hands (red, swollen with subsequent desquamation)
