Infectious disease Flashcards
Etiology of Measles
Paramyxovirus
High fever with conjunctivitis, coryza, and cough. Be suspicious of
Measles
What Enanthems and exanthems would you expect with measles
- enanthems: Koplik spots (48 hrs prior to rash) “grains of salt on a red background”
- exathenms: Maculopapular blanchable rash that starts on face and spreads head to toe, sparing palms and soles
Most common cause of death in children with measles
- pneumonia
Etiology of erythema infectiosum
- Fifth’s disease - parvovirus B19
Characteristic skin appearance of patient with erythema infectiosum
- Erythematous malar rash on face - slapped cheek
- lacy pink rash on trunk and extremities appears 2-3 days post facial rash
What condition can occur to fetus if pregnant women gets erythema infectiosum
- hydrops fetalis
Etiology of rubella
Rubella virus
What is the presentation of the rash associated with rubella
- “blueberry muffin”
- pinpoint pink maculopapules: similar to measles but less red
- head to toe progression
What condition can occur to fetus if pregnant mother contracts rubella
- congenital rubella syndrome
- Hearing loss
- Mental retardation
- cardiovascular and ocular defects
Etiology of roseola infantum
- herpes virus 6
What is the characteristic course of illness with roseola infantum
- 3-5 days of high fever that abruptly resolves -> blanching maculopapular rash
- rash spreads trunk -> face
Etiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease
- coxsackie A16 virus
How is hand, foot, and mouth disease transmitted
- fecal-oral or oral/respiratory secretions
How is varicella diagnosed
- visualizing all three stages of lesions at the same time: papule, blister, ulceration
Medical term for cold sore? Etiology?
- herpes labialis
- herpes simplex I
Etiology of genital herpes
- herpes simplex virus - II
Classic presentation of herpes simplex virus
- prodrome: burning, tingling, pruritus
- grouped vesicles on an erythematous base, crusting at later stages
Etiology of pertussis
- bordetella pertussis
Stages of pertussis
- stage 1: catarrhal stage: URI symptoms 1-2 weeks
- stage 2: Paroxysmal stage: whooping cough, posttussive vomiting 1-6 weeks
- stage 3: convalescent stage: cough lessens 2-3 weeks
Tx of pertussis
macrolide
Hallmark of mumps
- swelling and inflammation of one or both of the parotid glands
Etiology of mumps
- paramyxovirus
Most common clinical presentation with infection of pinworms
- Perianal itching
