Infectious disease

Question 1

Etiology of Measles

Answer 1

Paramyxovirus

Question 2

High fever with conjunctivitis, coryza, and cough. Be suspicious of

Answer 2

Measles

Question 3

What Enanthems and exanthems would you expect with measles

Answer 3

• enanthems: Koplik spots (48 hrs prior to rash) “grains of salt on a red background”
• exathenms: Maculopapular blanchable rash that starts on face and spreads head to toe, sparing palms and soles

Question 4

Most common cause of death in children with measles

Answer 4

• pneumonia

Question 5

Etiology of erythema infectiosum

Answer 5

• Fifth’s disease - parvovirus B19

Question 6

Characteristic skin appearance of patient with erythema infectiosum

Answer 6

• Erythematous malar rash on face - slapped cheek
• lacy pink rash on trunk and extremities appears 2-3 days post facial rash

Question 7

What condition can occur to fetus if pregnant women gets erythema infectiosum

Answer 7

• hydrops fetalis

Question 8

Etiology of rubella

Answer 8

Rubella virus

Question 9

What is the presentation of the rash associated with rubella

Answer 9

• “blueberry muffin”
• pinpoint pink maculopapules: similar to measles but less red
• head to toe progression

Question 10

What condition can occur to fetus if pregnant mother contracts rubella

Answer 10

• congenital rubella syndrome
• Hearing loss
• Mental retardation
• cardiovascular and ocular defects

Question 11

Etiology of roseola infantum

Answer 11

• herpes virus 6

Question 12

What is the characteristic course of illness with roseola infantum

Answer 12

• 3-5 days of high fever that abruptly resolves -> blanching maculopapular rash
• rash spreads trunk -> face

Question 13

Etiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease

Answer 13

• coxsackie A16 virus

Question 14

How is hand, foot, and mouth disease transmitted

Answer 14

• fecal-oral or oral/respiratory secretions

Question 15

How is varicella diagnosed

Answer 15

• visualizing all three stages of lesions at the same time: papule, blister, ulceration

Question 16

Medical term for cold sore? Etiology?

Answer 16

• herpes labialis
• herpes simplex I

Question 17

Etiology of genital herpes

Answer 17

• herpes simplex virus - II

Question 18

Classic presentation of herpes simplex virus

Answer 18

1. prodrome: burning, tingling, pruritus
2. grouped vesicles on an erythematous base, crusting at later stages

Question 19

Etiology of pertussis

Answer 19

• bordetella pertussis

Question 20

Stages of pertussis

Answer 20

1. stage 1: catarrhal stage: URI symptoms 1-2 weeks
2. stage 2: Paroxysmal stage: whooping cough, posttussive vomiting 1-6 weeks
3. stage 3: convalescent stage: cough lessens 2-3 weeks

Question 21

Tx of pertussis

Answer 21

macrolide

Question 22

Hallmark of mumps

Answer 22

• swelling and inflammation of one or both of the parotid glands

Question 23

Etiology of mumps

Answer 23

• paramyxovirus

Question 24

Most common clinical presentation with infection of pinworms

Answer 24

• Perianal itching

Question 25

How is pinworm infestation diagnosed

Answer 25

• adhesive tape test
• identify eggs or adult worms when examined under a microscope
• apply first thing in the morning prior to bathing or bowel movement

Question 26

Mononucleosis is caused by

Answer 26

• epstein-barr virus

Question 27

Treatment of epstein barr virus with amoxicillin or ampicillin frequently results in

Answer 27

• rash

Question 28

Treatment options for influenza

Answer 28

• Tamiflu: Oseltamivir: treats A and B must be administered within 48 hours of symptoms onset. Reduces length of illness by 1.5 days.
• Zanamivir: Relenza : treats A and B.

Question 29

Mycobacterium Avium complex affects individuals who are

Answer 29

• immune compromised

Question 30

How does Mycobacterium Avium complex typically present

Answer 30

• Productive cough
• fever
• weight loss
• night sweats

Question 31

Mycobacterium Avium complex lymphadenitis predominately affects children ages 1-4 y.o. Which lymph nodes are primarily affected

Answer 31

• cervical lymph nodes: submandicular and submaxillary