Pulmonology Flashcards
Laryngobrachiobronchitis
croup
Croup is most often seen in what age group
- 6 months to 3 years
Most common cause of Croup
- parainfluenza virus
- Hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, and bark-like cough is associated with
croup
What sign on X-ray is associated with croup
Steeple sign
How is croup treated?
- cool mist
- moderate: corticosteroids (Dexamethasone IM)
Abrupt onset of cough in < 4 y.o., must rule out
- Foreign body aspiration
Foreign body is most often found in what part of lung
- Right mainstem bronchus
Diagnostic and curative method for foreign body aspiration
- bronchoscopy
Most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children < 1 y.o.
- RSV: respiratory syncytial virus
During what part of the year is RSV: respiratory syncytial virus most common
November - April (peak: Jan, Feb)
RSV prophylaxis
Palivizumab
what is bronchiolitis
- Lower respiratory tract infection that affects small airways (bronchioles)
Most common cause of bronchiolitis
- RSV
How is RSV diagnosed
- RSV nasopharyngeal swab
Presentation of bronchiolitis
- 2-3 days of URI followed by low grade fever, cough, expiratory wheezing
- diagnosis is clinical: symptoms, age (<2 y.o.), time of year
Most common fatal autosomal recessive disease in US
- cystic fibrosis
What is cystic fibrosis
- abnormal chloride transport
- Multi-system
- causes thick, viscous secretions in lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, and reproductive tract
How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed
- Sweat chloride test >60 meq/L
Patient presents with bronchiectasis, pancreatic insufficiency, growth delays and infertility. Suspect this diagnosis
Cystic fibrosis
If a full term infant presents with meconium at birth, suspect
Cystic fibrosis
Most common cause of PNA in children less than 5 y.o.
- Viral PNA, most likely RSV
Most common cause of PNA in ages 5-18 y.o.
- Bacterial
- S. Pneumonie and Atypicals
Most common cause of community acquired PNA
Streptococcus pneumoniae
