Urology

Question 1

Nephropathy associated with malignancy

Answer 1

Membranous nephropathy

Can get amyloidosis but membranous nephropathy is much more common

Question 2

AB to avoid in renal transplant

Answer 2

Trimethoprim

Can cause nephrotoxicity, especially when used in association with cyclosporin and tacrolimus

Question 3

Urinary obstruction as a consequence of spinal cord compression

Answer 3

= neurogenic bladder

Question 4

Diagnosis of vesico-vaginal fistula

Answer 4

Methylene blue + tampon

Question 5

Investigation of suspected renal stones

Answer 5

NON CONTRAST

CT KUB

Question 6

Drugs used in urge incontinence (2)

Answer 6

Oxybutynin

Mirabegron

Question 7

Urine dipstick strongest indicator of UTI

Answer 7

Positive for Nitrites

Stronger positive predictor than leukocytes

Question 8

Definition of Recurrent UTI

Answer 8

2 or more in 6 months

3 or more in 12 months

Question 9

Investigation of Recurrent UTI

Answer 9

1. USS urinary

2. Flexible cystoscopy

Question 10

Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Answer 10

1. Alpha blocker e.g. tamsulosin
2. 5-alpha reductase inhibitor e.g. finasteride
3. TURP

Question 11

Management of Erectile Dysfunction

Answer 11

= tadalafil

PDE5 inhibitor

Question 12

Composition of Staghorn Calculus

Association

Answer 12

ammonium magnesium phosphate

Proteus

Question 13

ESWL stone size

Answer 13

Can be used for stones <20mm in diameter

Question 14

Cresmasteric reflex and torsion

Answer 14

Absent in torsion

May be present if torsion is of the appendage

Question 15

Low pressure VS high pressure urinary retention

Answer 15

High pressure = if hydronephrosis is present

Question 16

When can you test PSA after prostatitis?

Answer 16

1 month after

Question 17

Management of hydronephrosis resulting from calculus

Answer 17

Nephrostomy

Question 18

Management of RCC

Why?

Answer 18

Surgery

Often chemo or radio resistant

Question 19

Normal residual urine values
< 65
> 65

Answer 19

<50ml in <65

<100ml in >65

Question 20

Management of renal calculus in pregnancy

Answer 20

Lithotripsy contraindicated

Would do ureteroscopy

Question 21

Management of invasive bladder cancer

Answer 21

Radical cystectomy

Question 22

Management of R sided testicular torsion

Answer 22

Surgical fixation of both right and left testicle

Question 23

Struvite =

Answer 23

ammonium magnesium phosphate

Question 24

GnRH agonist used in prostate cancer

Answer 24

Zoladex

Question 25

Zoladex is a…

Answer 25

GnRH agonist

Question 26

Investigations in erectile dysfunction

Answer 26

1. HbA1c and lipids
2. AM testosterone
3. Prolactin/FSH

Question 27

Hypertension
Renal/Adrenal tumour
Child =

Answer 27

= nephroblastoma

Also known as Wilm’s tumour

Question 28

Voiding of Urine - Nerve Supply

Answer 28

Parasympathetic = promotes voiding 
Sympathetic = inhibits voiding

Question 29

Management of Urge Incontinence - Medications (3)

Answer 29

Oxybutynin and Tolteradine = anti-muscarinics

Mirabegron = B3 agonist

Question 30

Management of Stress Incontinence - Medication

Answer 30

Duloxetine

Question 31

Mechanism of Duloxetine in Stress Incontinence

Answer 31

Increases serotonin and noradrenaline concentrations
Increased pudendal nerve tone
Increased stimulation of urethral muscle
= increased contraction of sphincter

Question 32

1st Investigation in Prostate Cancer

Answer 32

MRI