Orthopaedics Flashcards
Types of Fracture (6)
Transverse Oblique Spiral Comminuated Longitudinal/Linear Avulsion
Which of displacement, angulation and rotation is most important in determining outcome?
Rotation
Radiological Signs of Fracture (3)
Periosteal Reaction
Callus
Fat Pad Sign
Types of NOF
Subcapital
Transcervical
Basicervical
Intertrochanteric
Mainstay Management of Intracapsular Hip Fractures
Hemiarthroplasty
Can do THR in the fit and young
What is a basicervical fracture?
= transition between intracapsular and intertrochanteric fractures
Treated as an extracapsular fracture
Mainstay Management of Extracapsular Hip Fractures
Dynamic Hip Screw
What is associated with the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Ulnar nerve
Classification of epiphyseal growth plate fractures
Salter Harris Classification
Salter Harris Classification is used for…
Epiphyseal Growth Plate Fractures
Testing sensory function in the hand
Little finger - ulnar
Index finger - median
Thumb webspace - radial
Testing motor function in the hand
‘Starfish’ - ulnar
Finger extension - radial
‘OK’ - median
What burns can cause compartment syndrome?
Full thickness circumferential burns
When does talar shift occur?
Multiple ligamentous ruptures - unstable ankle
Includes rupture/damage of the deltoid ligament
Classification of ankle #
Weber’s Classification
Immediate management of ankle dislocation
Reduction of dislocation
Management of femoral shaft fracture
Thomas’ Splint
Traumatic Hip Dislocations
Often posterior and associated with femoral head #
Risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome AND osteomalacia
Chronic renal failure
Presentation of Perthe’s Disease
Painless limp developing into hip pain which radiates to the knee
Worse with activity and may see Trendelenburg gait
Trendelenburg Gait in Child
Perthe’s Disease
Consequence of gross displacement of supracondylar elbow fracture
Median nerve injury
Loss of knee jerk reflex, sudden onset unilateral leg pain
L3/L4 disc prolapse
Non-contact injury with ‘pop’ and post-recovery jumping in the knee on twisting and turning
ACL rupture
Best investigation to look at suspected bony metastases
Bone scan
Investigation for examining neonatal hip
Ultrasound
Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell (Organism)
Salmonella
Salter Harris Classification
S - straight
Type I = straight through growth plate
A - above
Type II = above the growth plate
L = lower
Type III = below the growth plate
T = through
Type IV = through the growth plate
E = erasure
Type V = destruction or crush of the growth plate
Intratrochanteric #
= extra capsular fracture
Where in bones would you find osteosarcomas?
In the metaphysis
Site of septic arthritis (kids)
Younger = hip Older = knee
Loss of sensation in the anatomical snuffbox
Radial nerve
Muscle weak in Carpal Tunnel
Abductor pollicis brevis
Supplied by the median nerve
Bone displaced from the tarsus =
= Lisfranc fracture
2nd Line Investigation of Perthe’s Disease
MRI of the hip
Wrist deformity seen in RA
Radial deviation of wrist
