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year 4 > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

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1
Q

Association with open angle glaucoma

A

Diabetes

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2
Q

Management of primary open angle glaucoma

A

B-blocker eye drops

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3
Q

Pus in the eye =

A

= hypopyon

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4
Q

Blood in the eye =

A

= hyphaema

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5
Q

Association of episcleritis

A

Contact lenses

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6
Q

Presentation of central retinal artery occlusion (3)

A

Painless loss of vision
Afferent pupil defect
Pale retina

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7
Q

Format for visual acuity

A

Distance from chart / smallest line of letters seen

e.g. 6/6 - normal vision, 6/60 - bad vision

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8
Q

Is the cornea usually vascular or avascular?

A

Usually avascular - can get growth of new vessels in hypoxia: bad as cannot see as well

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9
Q

Pupil sign in penetrating injury

A

Tear drop pupil - iris moves to try and plug the gap

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10
Q

High myopia is a risk factor for…

A

Retinal detachment

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11
Q

High metropia is a risk factor…

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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12
Q

Causes of gradual visual loss (4)

A

Cataract
ARMD
Chronic open angle glaucoma
Diabetic retinopathy

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13
Q

Surgical management of cataracts

A

Phaco-emulsification with intra-ocular lens implantation

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14
Q

Causes of sudden PAINLESS visual loss (6)

A 
CRAO
CRVO
Amaurosis fugax 
Ischaemic optic neuropathy 
Retinal detachment 
Vitreous haemorrhage
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15
Q

Causes of sudden PAINFUL visual loss (3)

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma
Optic neuritis
GCA

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16
Q

Management of CRAO (3)

A

Only effective within 12-24 hours

  • Ocular massage
  • Paper bag breathing (> vasodilation)
  • Use carbonic anhydrase inhibitors etc to lower IOP
17
Q

Signs in CRVO (2)

A

Flame haemorrhages

Cotton wool spots

18
Q

Management of CRVO

A

Depends on whether there are signs of ischaemia + neovascularisation
If neovascularisation = use laser pan-retinal photocoagulation

19
Q

Association with anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

Can be associated with GCA

20
Q

Management of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

IV acetazolamide

21
Q

Management of HZV Ophthalmicus

A

Oral aciclovir

22
Q

Retrobulbar neuritis

A

Won’t see swollen disc

Will still have features of optic neuritis

23
Q

Association with CN III palsy (Vascular)

A

Posterior communicating aneurysm

24
Q

Two components of grading diabetic retinopathy

A

Retinal neovascularisation

Macular oedema

25
Q

Diabetic retinal screening programme

A

Starts at 12 years old, annually

26
Q

Management of corneal foreign body

A

History
Slit Lamp
Cotton wool bud or needle
Give topical chloramphenicol

27
Q

Disc findings in glaucoma

A

Increased cup: disc ratio

28
Q

Complications of cataract surgery (2)

A

Endophthalmitis

Refractive error

29
Q

Indications for corneal transplant (2)

A

Corneal scarring

Keratoconus

30
Q

Complications of corneal transplant (2)

A

Astigmatism

Graft rejection

31
Q

Latanoprost

  • Drug Type
  • Mechanism
A

= prostaglandin analogue, increased uveoscleral outflow

32
Q

Immediate management of chemical eye injury

A

= irrigate IMMEDIATELY

33
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

Visual development disorder which can result from accommodative esotropia (squint)

34
Q

Orbital floor # nerve associated

A

Infraorbital - can be damaged, also supplies part of the cheek

35
Q

Brimonidine

  • Drug Type
  • Mechanism
A

= sympathomimetics, increases uveoscleral outflow

36
Q

Management of acute angle glaucoma

A

IV acetazolamide
Topical lantaprost
Topical pilocarpine

37
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma
VS
Anterior uveitis

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma = pupil dilated

Anterior uveitis = small pupil

38
Q

Argyll Robertson

- Association

A

= small pupils which don’t dilate

Associated with syphilis and diabetes

39
Q

Drug associated with long eyelashes

A

Prostaglandin analogue

year 4 (27 decks)

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