urology Flashcards
what signs are seen in testicular torsion
cremasteric reflex is lost
elevation of the testis does not ease the pain (Prehn’s sign)
what is the flare effect with goserelin?
transient increase in symptoms of prostatic cancer caused by an initial increase in LH production prior to receptor down-regulation.
Treatment: Flutamide, a synthetic antiandrogen
risks of prostate radiotherapy
proctitis and are also at increased risk of bladder, colon, and rectal cancer following radiotherapy for prostate cancer
2 types of chronic urinary retention
High pressure retention
- impaired renal function and bilateral hydronephrosis
typically due to bladder outflow obstruction
Low pressure retention
- normal renal function and no hydronephrosis
germ cell tumor: AFP and beta HCG levels
seminomas: usually normal
non-seminomas: AFP and/or beta-hCG are elevated in 80-85%
unknown organism with epididymo orchitis treatment
ceftriaxone 500mg intramuscularly single dose, plus doxycycline 100mg by mouth twice daily for 10-14 days
prostitis treatment
14 day course of ciprofloxacin
example of an anti-androgen drug
cyproterone acetate
how long to delay psa testing after proctitis
1 month
most common form of prostate cancer
adenocarcinoma
Scrotal swelling you can’t get above:
inguinal hernia
adverse effect of finasteride
impotence
decrease libido
ejaculation disorders
Gynecomastia and breast tenderness
complications of TURP
T ur syndrome
U rethral stricture/UTI
R etrograde ejaculation
P erforation of the prostate
What is TURP syndrome
irrigation fluid enters the systemic circulation. The triad of features are:
1. Hyponatraemia: dilutional
2. Fluid overload
3. Glycine toxicity
strongest risk factor for anal cancer
HPV
