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Finals round 2 lol > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Neurofibratosis vs tuberous sclerosis

A

TS
- epilepsy
- shagreen patches
- ash leaf spots
- sublingual fibromata
- retinal hamartomas

NF
- cafe au lait
- phaechromocytoma
- acoustic neuroma (Type 2)
- Lisch nodules

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2
Q

Complication of intraventricular haemorrhages

A

Hydroephalus

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3
Q

What medication may be stopped in patients with dementia

A

TCA

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4
Q

Most common cause of viral meningitis in adults

A

enteroviruses: coxsackie b

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5
Q

gold standard test for venous sinus thrombosis

A

MR venogram

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6
Q

motion sickness treatment

A

hyoscine transdermal patch
cyclizine
promethazine

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7
Q

right cranial nerve 6 palsy

A

right eye adducted and horizontal diplopia

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8
Q

Most common neurological infection seen with HIV

A

toxoplasmosis

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9
Q

What is seen on CT head with toxoplasmosis

A

multiple ring enhancing lesions

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10
Q

ill-defined hypodense areas in the bilateral temporal lobes and inferior frontal lobes with history of HIV

A

Herpes simplex encephalitis

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11
Q

Painful third nerve palsy

A

posterior communicating artery aneurysm

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12
Q

3rd nerve palsy vs horners

A

Ptosis + dilated pupil = third nerve palsy; ptosis + constricted pupil = Horner’s

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13
Q

total anterior infarct.

A
  1. unilateral hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss of the face, arm & leg
  2. homonymous hemianopia
  3. higher cognitive dysfunction e.g. dysphasia
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14
Q

Lacunar infarct

A
  1. unilateral weakness (and/or sensory deficit) of face and arm, arm and leg or all three.
  2. pure sensory stroke.
  3. ataxic hemiparesis
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15
Q

Posterior infarct

A
  1. cerebellar or brainstem syndromes
  2. loss of consciousness
  3. isolated homonymous hemianopia
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16
Q

what will EMG show with lambert eaton

A

incremental response to repetitive electrical stimulation

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17
Q

what is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

A

meningococcal meningitis complication
adrenal insufficiency secondary to adrenal haemorrhage).

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18
Q

bitemporal hemianopia

A

lesion of optic chiasm
upper quadrant defect > lower quadrant defect = inferior chiasmal compression, commonly a pituitary tumour

lower quadrant defect > upper quadrant defect = superior chiasmal compression, commonly a craniopharyngioma

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19
Q

homonymous hemianopia

A

incongruous defects: lesion of optic tract
congruous defects: lesion of optic radiation or occipital cortex
macula sparing: lesion of occipital cortex

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20
Q

anterior cerebral artery vs middle cerebal artery stroke

A

contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss

ACA: lower > upper
MCA: upper > lower

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21
Q

Posterior cerebral artery stroke

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
visual agnosia

(specsavers POSTS my contacts)

22
Q

Weber’s syndrome (branches of the posterior cerebral artery that supply the midbrain)

A

ipsilateral CN III palsy
Contralateral upper and lower weakness

Weber never SAW how his interns were the OPPOSITE of weak

23
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (lateral medullary syndrome, Wallenberg syndrome)

A

Ipsilateral: facial pain and temperature loss
Contralateral: limb/torso pain and temperature loss
Ataxia, nystagmus

24
Q

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (lateral pontine syndrome)

A

same as PICA but with facial paralysis and deafness

25
Q

definition of TIA

A

a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischaemia, without acute infarction.

26
Q

headache red flags

A
  • vomiting without other obvious cause
  • worsening headache with fever
  • headache triggered by cough, valsalva (trying to breathe out with nose and mouth blocked), sneeze or exercise
  • recent head trauma
  • impaired level of consciousness
  • new onset cognitive dysfunction
27
Q

brain abscess treatment

A

IV 3rd-generation cephalosporin + metronidazole

28
Q

post TIA treatment

A

clopidogrel and statin

29
Q

migraine triggers

A

Chocolate
Hangovers
Orgasms
Cheese
Caffeine
The oral contraceptive pill
Lie-ins
Alcohol
Travel
Exercise

30
Q

DVLA rule following TIA

A

1 month and not need to inform

31
Q

ataxia causes (lesions)

A

Cerebellar hemisphere lesions cause peripheral (‘finger-nose ataxia’)

Cerebellar vermis lesions cause gait ataxia

32
Q

multisystem atrophy

A

parkinsonism
autonomic disturbance
erectile dysfunction: often an early feature
postural hypotension
atonic bladder
cerebellar signs

33
Q

what extra test is done in young people strokes

A

autoimmune and thrombophillia screening

34
Q

SAH imaging

A

ct head WITHOUT contrast

35
Q

‘empty delta sign’

A

Sagittal sinus thrombosis

36
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus imaging

A

ventriculomegaly in the absence of, or out of proportion to, sulcal enlargement

37
Q

what is required when using iv phenytoin?

A

cardiac monitoring

38
Q

carotid enderectomy criteria

A

Carotid endarterectomy is considered in a patient who has had a TIA with carotid artery stenosis exceeding 70% on the side contralateral to the symptoms

39
Q

ondansetron SE

A

prolonged QT interval
constipation is common

40
Q

rectal diazepam dose

A

kids - 5mg
adults - 10mg

41
Q

most common cause of brain mets

A

lung (most common)
breast
bowel
skin (namely melanoma)
kidney

42
Q

autonomic dysreflexia

A

FIGHT OR FLIGHT response BELOW lesion (due to initial noxious stimulus), and REST AND DIGEST response ABOVE lesion (as it attempts to counteract sympathetic fight or flight response)

43
Q

carbamezapine uses

A
  • partial seizures
  • trigeminal neuralgia
  • bipolar
44
Q

aphasia causes

A

dominant hemisphere (left) MCA

45
Q

miller fisher triad

A

ophthalmoplegia, areflexia and ataxia

46
Q

how to know if it will be hyperreflexia vs hypo

A

hyper -> UMN -> CNS
hypo -> LMN -> peripheral

47
Q

drugs causing IIH

A

combined oral contraceptive pill
steroids
tetracyclines
retinoids (isotretinoin, tretinoin) / vitamin A
lithium

48
Q

vision loss with temporal arteritis

A

anterior ischemic optic neuropathy - swollen pale disc and blurred margins

49
Q

which anti-epileptic is most associated with weight gain

A

sodium valproate

50
Q

TOS

A

compression of brachial plexus, subclavian artery or vein

51
Q

where does ondansetron act

A

medulla oblongata

Finals round 2 lol (24 decks)

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