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Finals round 2 lol > renal > Flashcards

renal Flashcards

1
Q

CKD diagnosis

A

egfr less than 60 on 2 occasions 3 months apart

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2
Q

Which nephrotic syndrome is associated with malignancy

A

membranous nephropathy

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3
Q

When do you send MSU

A

aged > 65 years
visible or non-visible haematuria

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4
Q

What opioid is preferred in renal impairment

A

oxycodone: mild-moderate renal impairment
alfentanil, buprenorphine and fentanyl: severe

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5
Q

Renal colic management

A
  1. <5mm + no symptoms: watchful waiting
  2. 5-10mm: shockwave lithotripsy + alpha blocker (tamsulosin)
  3. > 20mm: percutaneous nephrolithomy
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6
Q

asthma, eosinophillia, impaired kidney function

A

churg-strauss (pANCA)

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7
Q

How do you diferentiate CKD and AKI

A

CKD has small kidneys and hypocalcamia

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8
Q

do you get raised or decreased haptoglobin in HUS

A

decreased

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9
Q

most common organism in peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis

A

staph epidermis

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10
Q

Complications of RTA1

A

renal stones and nephrocalcinosis

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11
Q

Complication of RTA2

A

osteomalacia

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12
Q

pathophysiology of iga nephropathy

A

mesangial deposits of iga immune complexes

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13
Q

enlarged kidneys on USS with CKD

A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
diabetic nephropathy (early stages)
amyloidosis
HIV-associated nephropathy

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14
Q

pathophysiology of membranous nephropathy

A

IgG immune complex deposits in the basement membrane

God gives people cancer

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15
Q

what kidney issue is HIV associated with

A

nephrotic syndrome
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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16
Q

nephrotic syndrome criteria

A
  • proteinuria >3g/24 hours
  • hypoalbuminiea <25g/24 hours
  • peripheral oedema
  • hypercholesteremia
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17
Q

cause of renal artery stenosis

A

young: fibromuscular dysplasia
Old: atheroscleoris

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18
Q

what is seen on MR angiography with RAS

A

string of beads appearance

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19
Q

pathophysiology of post-stre glomeurulonephritis

A

immune complex (IgG, IgM and C3) deposition in the glomeruli.

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20
Q

most common and important viral infection in solid organ transplant recipients

A

CMV

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21
Q

why do you get High serum urea:creatinine ratio is seen in pre-renal AKI

A

urea is passively reabosrbed with sodium

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22
Q

maximum recommended rate of potassium infusion via a peripheral line

A

is 10 mmol/hour, whereas rates above 20 mmol/hour require cardiac monitoring

23
Q

How does myoglobin cause AKI

A

tubular cell necrosis

24
Q

nephrotic syndrome causes

A
  • focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
  • minimal change disease
  • membranous nephropathy
  • Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
  • amyloidosis

Secondary
- diabetic nephropathy
- HIV/hepatitis
- SLE

25
Q

why do you get increased risk of thrombus in kidney disease

A

loss of antithrombin III

26
Q

Lights criteria for exudative

A
  1. pleural fluid protein/serum fluid protein ratio > 0.5
  2. pleural fluid LDH/serum fluid LDH ratio > 0.6
27
Q

SAAG

A

> 11g/L is portal hypertension

28
Q

Choice of drug in PE with low renal function

A

heparin

29
Q

Stag-horn calculi

A

struvite

30
Q

Drugs that cause AIN

A
  • penicillin
  • NSAIDs
  • Rifampicin
  • Allopurinol
  • Furosemide
31
Q

ATN causes

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Rhabdo
  • Ischamia (shock/sepsis )
32
Q

drugs to avoid in renal failure

A

antibiotics: tetracycline, nitrofurantoin
NSAIDs
lithium
metformin

33
Q

budd chiari syndrome investigation

A

doppler USS

34
Q

liver transplant criteria following PO

A

Arterial pH < 7.3, 24 hours after ingestion

or all of the following:
prothrombin time > 100 seconds
creatinine > 300 µmol/l
grade III or IV encephalopathy

35
Q

Choice of treatment for CKD bone disease

A

alfacalcidol (does not need to be activated in the kidneys)

36
Q

potential complication of nephrotic syndrome

A

renal vein thrombosis
- loss of antithrombin III creats hypercoaguable state

37
Q

urine sodium > 40 mmol/L

A

ATN

38
Q

urea > creatinine

A

dehydration

39
Q

sudden onset abdominal pain, ascites, and tender hepatomegaly

A

budd-chiari syndrome

40
Q

most common affected site in crohns

A

ileum

41
Q

associated with sewage workers/rat urine

A

Leptospirosis

42
Q

causes of transient haematuria

A

urinary tract infection
menstruation
vigorous exercise (this normally settles after around 3 days)
sexual intercourse

43
Q

Where do the diuretics work

A

Aldosterone antagonists: DCT
Loop: ascending look (Na, Cl, K channels)
PCT: carbonic anhydase

44
Q

goodpastures symptoms

A

pulmonary haemorrhage
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
this typically results in a rapid onset acute kidney injury
nephritis → proteinuria + haematuria
IgG deposits in basement membrane

45
Q

which nephrotic syndrome is associated with HIV

A

FSGS

46
Q

toxic megacolon imagining

A

abdo x-ray

47
Q

most likely cause of death with CKD on haemodialysis

A

IHD

48
Q

isolated rise in bilirubin

A

gilbert

49
Q

complication of ERCP

A

Pancreatitis
Perforation
Infection (eg acute cholangitis)
Bleeding
Aspiration pneumonia
Cytology reveals malignant cells

50
Q

what is required before a large volume paracentesis

A

albumin replacment

51
Q

complication of TIPS

A

Inadequate metabolism of nitrogenous waste products by the liver
Blood bypasses liver

52
Q

first line treatment of nephortic syndrome unknown aetiology

A

LMWH

53
Q

pulmonary oedema not responding to diuretics (AKI)

A

haemodialysis

54
Q

ACE inhibitors and CKD

A

A potassium above 6mmol/L should prompt cessation of ACE inhibitors in a patient with CKD (once other agents that promote hyperkalemia have been stopped)

Finals round 2 lol (24 decks)

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