Gastro Flashcards
fSBP prophylaxis
Ciprofloxacin
Hepatic encephalopathy medical treatment
Lactulose + rifaximin
Medical treatment of hypercalciuria/renal stones
Thiazide diuretics
dietary changes with ascites
low sodium diet
Liver failure following cardiac arrest
ischaemic hepatitis
What cancer can develop with PSC
Cholangicarcinoma
antibiotic most liekly to cause pseudomembranous colitis
aka c.diff
cefrtriaxone
GORD complications
- oesophageal carcinoma
- Barretts oesophagus
- Anaemia
- Benign strictures
infectious colitis: stools that float + history of swimming pools
giardia
acute pancreatitis complications
- peripancreatic fluid collections
- pseudocysts
- pancreatic nercrosis
- pancreatic abscess
gold standard pancreatic cancer test
HRCT: double duct sign
What may you seen on FBC with alcoholic liver disease
macrocytic anaemia
How is NAFLD monitored
ELF to look for advanced fibrosis
Complications of cirrhosis
- ascites
- varices
- hepatic encephalopath
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- hepatopulmonary syndrome
- coagulation disorders.
screening for liver cancer
anyone with cirrhosis (US and AFP) every 6 months to look for HCC
tumour marker for pancreatic and cholangiocarcinoma
raised ca 19-9
treatment of pyoderma gangronosum
oral pred
most common antibiotic regimen
IV metronidazole and IV cefuroxime (cholangitis + appendicitis)
skin change with coeliacs
- angular stomatitis
- dermatitis herpetiformis
x-ray finding in bowel obstruction
dilated bowel loops
pernicious anaemia predisposes you to what cancer
gastric
What antibodies are associated with hepatitis
anti-smooth muscle or anti liver/kidney microsomal antibodies.
most likely area to be affected by ischaemic colitis
splenic flexure
vomiting, subcutaneous emphysema, severe retrosternal chest pain
oesophageal rupture
What cancer with coeliac
enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma
SE of omeprazole
MNOP = Hypomagnesemia, Hyponatraemia, Osteoporosis, Poo (C diff)
what vessels involved in gastric and duodenal ulcer perforations
Gastric ulcer = LGA and splenic artery
*LGA supply lesser curvature which is common location for G astric ulcer
Duodenal ulcer = Gastroduodenal
Liver failure triad
encephalopathy, jaundice and coagulopathy
double duct sign
pancreatic cancer
treatment of achalasia
Heller cardiomyotomy
score for liver cirrhosis
Child-Pugh Score measures cirrhosis severity. ‘Pour Another Beer At Eleven’ - PT, Albumin, Bilirubin, Ascites, Encephalopathy
sites of vitamin absorption
Dude I Just Feel Ill Bro
Sites of Absorption: Duodenum (Iron), Jejunum (Folate), Ileum (B12)
acute mesenteric ischaemia treatment
urgent laparotomy
most common cause of diarrhoea in HIV
Cryptosporidium
CT scan diverticulitis
mural thickening of the colon and the presence of pericolic fat stranding in the sigmoid colon
barretts oesophagus treatment
- high-dose proton pump inhibitor
- endoscopic surveillance with biopsies for patients with metaplasia (but not dysplasia) endoscopy is recommended every 3-5 years
- if dysplasia of any grade is identified endoscopic intervention
Which hepatitis is transferred through undercooked pork
hep e
RF for high risk of hepatotoxicity following paracetamol overdose
chronic alcohol, HIV, anorexia or P450 inducers
treatment of giardiasis
metronidazole
blood film with hyposplenism
howell-jolly bodies and siderocytes
bile acid malabsorption treatment
cholestyramine
liver disease signs
jaundice, gynaecomastia, spider naevia, caput medusae and ascites.
yellow fever symptoms
flu like illness → brief remission→ followed by jaundice and haematemesis
most sensitive and specific lab finding for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in those with chronic liver disease
platelets
autoimmune heptatitis antibodies
anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibodies.
Fetor hepaticus, sweet and fecal breath
acute liver failure
what can sulphasalazine used in UC cause
haemolytic anamiea: heinz bodies
absence of anti-HBcAg IgM
chronic infection
what condition predisposes you to gallstones
crohns (cobbleSTONE)
vitamin b12 deficiency treatment
Vitamin B12 1mg IM three times/week then 1mg IM every 3 months
what happens to potassium in diarrhoea
hypo
loss of haustra on barium enema
lead pipe: UC
most common cause of oeseophageal cancer with gord/barrets vs achalasia/smoking
adeno: gord/barretts
SCC: achalasia
investigation for budd chiari
doppler us
SIBO treatment
rifaximin
HNPCC
- Colorectal
- Endometrial/pancreatic
causes of LBO
- cancer
- volvulus (sigmoid)
- diverticula (sigmoid colon)
what laxative to avoid in iBS
lactulose : makes gas worse
treatment of campylobacter jejuni
clarithromycin
what antibiotic is used before endoscopy with upper GI bleeds
quinolones + terlipressin
is constipation or diarrhoea more common in salmonella typhi
constipation
diverticulitis flare
Patients with diverticulitis flares can be managed with oral antibiotics at home. If they do not improve within 72 hours, admission to hospital for IV ceftriaxone + metronidazole is indicated
