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MRCS A(My Own) > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

Noninfective cause ofepididymiorchitis

A

Amiodarone

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2
Q

Infective cause of epididymiorchitis is

A

gonorrhoea or chlamydia

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3
Q

Ureteric Calculus pain

A

ureteric calculus pain radiates to Loin is classical sign due to ilio hy pogastricarea.

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4
Q

Diff b /w bulbar and memb urethral injury

A

Bulbar will be dueto fall from bike with legs apart
Memb : Pelvic# with no prostateon rectal exam

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5
Q

Normal PSA level

A

ormal upper limit for PSA is 4ng/ml

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6
Q

Mc site prostate Cancer is

A

Peripheral Zone 70%

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7
Q

1st node to be affected in Prostate Ca

A

Lymphatic spread occurs first to the internal iliac

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8
Q

low risk menfor Prostate Cancer

A

clinical stage T1c, Gleason score 3+3 and PSA density < 0.15 ng/ml/ml who have cancer in less than 50% of their biopsy cores, with < 10 mm of any core involved

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9
Q

SChistoma Hema tobiom causes

A

Bladder Calcification

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10
Q

-Howto asses failing kidney transplant

A

MAG 3 renogram

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11
Q

when adrenal masS is considered malignant

A

> 4cm in size 25% ofthem are malignant

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12
Q

How to exclude Bladder outflow obstruction

A

Uroflowmetry (a flow rate of >15ml/second helps to exclude BOO)

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13
Q

which test to asses renal scaring

A

DMSA Scan
lthough MAG 3 renograms may provide some information relating to the structural integrity of the kidney, many still consider a DMSA scan to be the gold standard for the detection of renal scarring (which is the main concern in PUJ obstruction and infections).

Improve

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14
Q

Testsfor these Kidney issues
1. Renal scaring
2. GFR
3. RENAL TRANSPLANT
4. Degree of reflux from bladder
5. Stones

A

1.DMSA
2.DTPA
.3 MAG3 renoogram
4. mcuG Scan
5. Non contrast CT

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15
Q

Trimethoprim in Rx of

A

Pyelonephritis

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16
Q

common sequelae of vasectomy

A

Sperm granulomas

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17
Q

Low flow vs high flow priapism

A

Low: dark blood on aspiration ( dangerous)
High: bright red

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18
Q

Clearance after vasectomy by

A

is usually taken after 12-16 weeks post procedure (and prefer after 24 ejaculates).

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19
Q

intravesical BCG therapy isgiven in

A

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder may be treated with intravesical BCG therapy.

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20
Q

Cysteine stones

A

They are radio opaque but diff from Calcium stones is their hereditary nature

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21
Q

child us adult surgery for hydrocele

A

child by inguinal approach
adult by scrotal app(Lords and Jabolay procedure)

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22
Q

Keypoints of RCC

A

Frank Hematuria
Polycythaemia

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23
Q

Stones after radiotherapy

A

uric acid stones

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24
Q

p H and stones
1 Low
2 High
3. Normal
4 variable

A

1 Uric Acid
2 Storvite, Ca phosphate
3 Cysteine, Ca phosphate
4 Ca oxalate

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25
Q

Nephroblastoma vs Neuroblastoma

A

Under 15 years vs under 4 years ofage
Rare vs common GUT tUmor
HTN vs no HTN
Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy (usually vincristine, actinomycin D and doxorubicin) vsSurgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy

26
Q

Diagnosis of neuroblastoma

A

MI BIG Scam

27
Q

Antidote of cyclophosphamide

A

Mesna

28
Q

Torsion fixation

A

. This can be achieved using sutures or by placement of the testis in a Dartos pouch.

29
Q

Clear Cells is found in

A

Kidney and canbe found as metastasis

30
Q

Lobe enlargement in BPH vs Tumor

A

BPH Median lobe
Tumor Post lobe

31
Q

Whatfirst test to get after an adrenal incidentaloma on CT

A

Get blood workup 1st and nothing else

32
Q

Varicocele is more common at which side

A

Leftside dueto 90° position ofthe testicular vein to renal vein

33
Q

Angiomyolipoona is associated with

A

Tuberous sclerosis typeof RCC

34
Q

TCC of Renal

A

Pink in color on appearance

35
Q

Drugs causing Pseudo hemetUria

A

Rifampicin, phenytoin, levodopa, methyldopa, and quinine all cause pseudohaematuria

36
Q

High riding urethra

A

Membranous urethral rupture

37
Q

Renal Mass with epilepsy and learning disability

A

Tuberous Sclerosis which is due to Angiongolipoma

38
Q

APKD features

A

APKD is associated with liver cysts (70%), berry aneurysms (25%) and pancreatic cysts (10%). Patients may have a renal mass, hypertension, renal calculi and macroscopic haematuria.

39
Q

Which Cele is present in testicular tumor vS RCC

A

TT: Hydrocele
RCC Varicocele

40
Q

low flow priapismneeds surgical intervention after

A

> 4 hours

41
Q

Recurrent priapism seen in

A

Typically seen in sickle cell disease, most commonly of high flow type.

42
Q

Risk factor for bladder ca

A

Smoking
Schistosomiasis
cyclophosphamide
Anilinedye( textile industry)

43
Q

First time renal transplant occurs in

A

First time renal tranplants are typically implanted in the left or right iliac fossae.

44
Q

Which vessels are anastomoses to Kidney during transplant

A

The vessels are usually joined to the external iliac artery and vein as these are the most easily accessible. The Rutherford Morison incision provides access to the external iliac vessels.

45
Q

LUTS include

A

frequency, urgency, or feeling of incomplete voiding.

46
Q

aide memoire for upper PSA limit

A

(age - 20) / 10

47
Q

Normal levels of PSA

A

Age. PSA level (ng/ml)}
50-59 years: 3.0
60-69 years: 4.0
> 70 years: 5.0

48
Q

PSA levels may also be raised by these procedures apart from tumor

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

prostatitis and urinary tract infection (NICE recommend to postpone the PSA test for at least 1 month after treatment)

ejaculation (ideally not in the previous 48 hours)

vigorous exercise (ideally not in the previous 48 hours)

urinary retention

instrumentation of the urinary tract

49
Q

PSA levels can be raised after UTI till

A

1 month

50
Q

These 2 can cause raised PSA levels after 48 hours

A

Vigorous exercise
Ejaculation

51
Q

Biopsy of which cancer shouldn’t be done

A

Testicular cancer

52
Q

What swellings transilluminates

A

Hydrocoeles and large epididymal cysts will classically transilluminate.

53
Q

A scrotql swelling descibred as bag of worms” or with a “dragging sensation”, and may disappear on lying flat.

A

Varicocle

54
Q

Epididymal cust vs hydrocele

A

Both transilluminates and fluctuant
but H isn’t separated from testes while E is found above and is Separable from cyst.

55
Q

Classically, testicular tumours are described as

A

painless lumps arising from the testis

56
Q

Rx of testicular cancer

A

radical inguinal orchidectomy

57
Q

Loss of cremasteric reflex

A

Testicular torsion

58
Q

Cannot get above the swelling in testes
Dx?

A

Hernia or
Infant hydocele due to patent processus vaginalis

59
Q

Nerve supply of scrotum

A

The anteriolateral aspect of the scrotum is supplied by branches of the genitofemoral and the ilioinguinal nerve, whilst the posterior scrotum is supplied by the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

60
Q

If Abdominal lesion >1cm post chemo of GUT tumors

A

Perform retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

61
Q

Rx of bony metastasis of prostate gland

A

Radiotherapy+Bisphosphoates+androgen suppression

62
Q

Which gleason score shows Worst prognosis

A

10

MRCS A(My Own) (28 decks)

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