Anatomy

Question 1

Hook of hamate fracture
Involvement of which nerve?

Answer 1

Ulnar nerve injury

Question 2

LOAF is a pneumonic for which and what does it stands for?

Answer 2

Median nerve supply of hand muscles
2 lateral lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis

Question 3

Right and left subphrenic space is divided by?

Answer 3

Falciform ligament
The subphrenic space is a peritoneal space between the anterior part of the liver and the diaphragm, separated into right and left by the falciform ligament, and postero-superiorly bounded by thecoronary ligament

Question 4

Which structure separates the cephalic vein and the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa?

Answer 4

Biceps Tendon

Question 5

Cavernous sinus runs from?

Answer 5

superior orbital fissure to the petrous temporal bone.

Question 6

subclavian converts to axillary artery at which Level?

Answer 6

Lateral edge of 1st in

Question 7

Denticulate Ligament?

Answer 7

continuation of pia mater and attaches to dUra mater laterally for suspension of spinal cord

Question 8

Stapes from which pharyngeal arch

Answer 8

2nd

Question 9

Left hilum of kidney

Answer 9

L1

Question 10

Vocal Cords or glottic lymphatic drainage?

Answer 10

No lymphatic supply and act as watershed -

Question 11

axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy
Structure damaged below

Answer 11

Intercostobrachial nerve

Question 12

Left and right pulmonary artery pharyngeal arch

Answer 12

6th

Question 13

cerebello-pontine angle lesion

Answer 13

Trigeminal V nerve damage

Question 14

Acoustic
neuroma
site of lesion

Answer 14

Cerebello pontine angle

Question 15

Axillary artery divided into how many parts and by which muscle

Answer 15

3 parts by pectoralis minor
*Proximal to PM
*Behind
*Distal to

Question 16

Homonymous hemianopia

Answer 16

Optictract lesion

Question 17

normal angle between the femoral neck and the femoral shaft?

Answer 17

130° in male

Question 18

Ileocolic artery isa branch of

Answer 18

Superior Mesenteric artery

Question 19

Froment sign

Answer 19

Ulnar nerve palsy test
Holding a paper between thumb and index finger
Because of weakness or loss of function in adductor pollicis muscle

Question 20

Blood supply of GIT

Answer 20

the celiac trunk for the foregut and accessory organs of GIT
the superior mesenteric artery for the midgut
the inferior mesenteric artery for the hindgut

Question 21

Branches of celiac trunk

Answer 21

Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery

Question 22

complication with posterior duodenal ulcers

Answer 22

Perforation of gastroduodenal artery as it runs post to duodenum

Question 23

Which branch of celiac trunk is apart of portal triad

Answer 23

Hepatic artery proper

Question 24

Blood supply of Greater and lesser curvature of stomach

Answer 24

Left and right gastric artery supplies lesser curvature
left and right Gastro epiploic artery supply greater curvature

Question 25

More common gastric ulcer site?

Answer 25

At lesser curvature more than greater Thus bleeding of left and right gastric artery

Question 26

Gastric fondas is supplied by?

Answer 26

Shortgastric artery a branch of splenic artery.

Question 27

Which part of the stomach has single blood supply

Answer 27

Funds Lesser and greater curvature has dual supply

Question 28

SMA originates from aorta at

Answer 28

L1

Question 29

3rd part of duodenum is post to.

Answer 29

SMA

Question 30

Structures post to superior mesenteric artery

Answer 30

3rd part of duodenm Left renal vein

Question 31

Acute mesenteric ischemia is more common due to

Answer 31

SMA than IMA

Question 32

GIT branches originate from

Answer 32

Anterior aspect of aorta

Question 33

Foregut ends at

Answer 33

Major duodenal papilla of 1st part

Question 34

Celiatrunk arises at

Answer 34

L1 upper level

Question 35

Inferior Mesentric artery arises from

Answer 35

L3 level

Question 36

All veins of GIT goes to

Answer 36

Portal vein

Question 37

Splenic Vein runs immediately posterior to

Answer 37

Pancreas body

Question 38

Portal Vein relation to bileduct

Answer 38

BD is ant to PV

Question 39

Hepaticportal wein is madeby

Answer 39

superior Mesenteric and splenic vein

Question 40

IMA originates from aorta while inferior mesenteric vein drains into

Answer 40

Splenic vein

Question 41

Neck body and tail of pancreas by

Answer 41

Splenic artery while head by gastroduodenal artery

Question 42

Greater omentum is supplied by

Answer 42

Both R and L epiploic/omental arteries

Question 43

Cystic artery of GB arises for

Answer 43

R hepatic artery

Question 44

Head of pancreas blood supply. .

Answer 44

Superior Pancreaticoduodenal by Gastroduodenal a branch of celiac artery. Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal by SMA. Both have ant and post branches.

Question 45

Relation of sold

Answer 45

Ant to left renal Vin and 3rd part of duodenm Medial to SM vein Below and post to splenic vein Post to neck of pancreas

Question 46

First branch of SMA

Answer 46

Inferior pancreatico duodenal artery

Question 47

Abdominal Aorta spans

Answer 47

from Tiz to L4

Question 48

super ior rectaI artery span

Answer 48

Runs ant to ilac vessels and enter to pelvic cavity

Question 49

3 branches of IIMA

Answer 49

Left colic ascending branch Left colic descending branch Superior rectal artery

Question 50

Borders of inferior lumbar triangle

Answer 50

The lumbar triangle (through which these may occur) is bounded by: Crest of ilium (inferiorly) External oblique (laterally) Latissimus dorsi (medially)

Question 51

Obturator hernia usually lies behind and front of which muscle

Answer 51

Behind Pectineus muscle Front of obturator externus

Question 52

Richter hernia

Answer 52

strangulation without obstruction. Antimesentric border Vomiting due to peritonitis 2° to perforation

Question 53

What is Jenkin Rule?

Answer 53

Jenkins Rule should be followed and this necessitates a suture length 4x length of incision with bites taken at 1cm intervals, 1 cm from the wound edge

Question 54

Hernia containing Meckels diverticulum

Answer 54

Litters Hernia

Question 55

Hypoglossal nerve supply / Tumor damaging hypoglossal canal which muscle will be affected

Answer 55

hyoglossus intrinsic genioglossus and styloglossus muscles

Question 56

Upper trunk of brachial plexus direct branches

Answer 56

Nerve to subclavius Suprascapular nerve

Question 57

Upper limb injury and nerve damage 1. Dislocation of shoulder joint 2. # anatomical neck of humerus 3. # surgical neck of humerus 4. # shaft of humerus 5. # medial epicondyle of humerus 6# supracondylar # of humerus

Answer 57

1. Axillary nerve 2. Radial nerve 3. Axillary nerve and post circumflex artery 4. Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery 5. Ulnar nerve and ulnar collateral artery 6. Median nerve and brachial artery

Question 58

Difference between anatomical and and surgical neck of humerus

Answer 58

The anatomical neck is the part between the head and the tuberosities.  The surgical neck is the part between the tuberosities and the shaft

Question 59

costodiaphragmatic recess lies at which level

Answer 59

10th rib at midaxillary line

Question 60

Relation of left and right supra renal gland

Answer 60

LEFT Ant: stomach, lesser sac, pancreas and spleen. RIGHT Ant: Right lobe of liver and IVC Diaphragm resides on post aspect of both

Question 61

Dvt and PE due to which vein involvement mostly

Answer 61

DVT: Popliteal vein Embolism: Femoral vein

Question 62

Nerve supply of 👂 outer ear

Answer 62

Sensory innervation to the external ear is supplied by both cranial and spinal nerves. Branches of the trigeminal, facial, and vagus nerves (CN V, VII, X) are the cranial nerve components, while the lesser occipital (C2, C3) and greater auricular (C2, C3) nerves are the spinal nerve components involved

Question 63

Contents of Carpal Tunnel

Answer 63

The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the median nerve The tendon of flexor pollicis longus Four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 64

Rectal blood supply.

Answer 64

Superior rectal artery – terminal continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery. Middle rectal artery – branch of the internal iliac artery. Inferior rectal artery – branch of the internal pudendal artery

Question 65

Rectal relations

Answer 65

Anterior in Male Sacrum and coccyx Piriformis Coccygeus Levator ani Sacral plexus Rectovesical pouch Sigmoid colon Ileum Bladder Prostate Seminal vesicles Rectouterine pouch Sigmoid colon Ileum Vagina Cervix

Question 66

Infection spread between two ischiorectal fossa through

Answer 66

Deep post natal space Present below anococcygeal ligament and above levator ani muscle.

Question 67

Mnemonic for cranial nerve being motor, sensory or both

Answer 67

1 Some 2 Say 3 Marry 4 Money 5 But 6 My 7 Brother 8 Says 9 Big 10Boobs 11 Matter 12 More S means Sensory M means motor B mean both

Question 68

Only nerve arising from dorsal aspect of brain stem

Answer 68

Trochlear nerve Only supply superior oblique muscle.

Question 69

Which nerve Arise from interpeduncular fossa of midbrain

Answer 69

Oculomotor nerve

Question 70

Which cranial nerve has both brain and spinal roots

Answer 70

Accesory Nerve XI

Question 71

Greater and lesser sciatic notch are separated by

Answer 71

Sacrospinous ligament

Question 72

Borders of Greater sciatic foramen

Answer 72

The greater sciatic foramen is bordered by: Superior – anterior sacroiliac ligament Posteromedial – sacrotuberous ligament Anterolateral – greater sciatic notch of the ilium Inferior – sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine

Question 73

Contents of Greater Sciatic Foramen

Answer 73

The greater sciatic foramen is divided into two parts by the presence of the piriformis muscle – the suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina. Suprapiriform foramen: Superior gluteal artery and vein Superior gluteal nerve Infrapiriform foramen: Sciatic nerve Pudendal nerve Inferior gluteal artery and vein Inferior gluteal nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Nerve to obturator internus Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 74

Common content of Greater and Lesser Sciatic foramen

Answer 74

Pudendal nerve Nerve to obturator internus

Question 75

Content of lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 75

*Internal pudendal artery and vein *Pudendal nerve (note the pudendal nerve first leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, and then re-enters via the lesser sciatic foramen) *Obturator internus tendon *Nerve to obturator internus

Question 76

Median nerve relation to brachial artery in cybital fossa

Answer 76

Median nerve is medial to brachial artery

Question 77

foot muscle supplied by deep common peroneal nerve

Answer 77

Extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis Others are supplied by tibial

Question 78

Function of hand interossei muscles

Answer 78

PAD and DAB Palmer interossei ADduct Dorsal interossei ABduct lumbricals in flexion at the MCP joints and extension at the IP joints.

Question 79

Contents of Femoral Triangle

Answer 79

Mnemonic for contents from lateral to medialis NAVEL Nerve artery vein then lymphatic

Question 80

The only content of femoral triangle out of femoral sheath is

Answer 80

Femoral nerve

Question 81

Borders of femoral triangle

Answer 81

Mnemonic for borders of femoral Triangle is SAIL Laterally by sartorius Medially by adductor longus Superiorly by inguinal ligament Roof – fascia lata. Floor – pectineus, iliopsoas, and adductor longus muscles.

Question 82

The lymphatic of femoral triangle is different from other content in which way

Answer 82

It is in femoral canal Significant for the femoral herniation

Question 83

Motor ans sensory supply of axillary nerve

Answer 83

Deltoid and Teres minor Lateral aspect of upper area, a patch

Question 84

Axillary nerve leaves axilla through

Answer 84

Quadrangle space

Question 85

Deep ring of inguinal canal is made of

Answer 85

The transversalis fascia forms the superolateral edge of the deep inguinal ring. The epigastric vessels form its inferomedial wall.

Question 86

Constrictor of esophagus

Answer 86

Constrictions of the oesophagus : ABCD A- Arch of the Aorta B- Left main Bronchus C- Cricoid Cartilage D- Diaphragmatic Hiatus

Question 87

Carina is present at which level

Answer 87

T5 or T6 vertebral level

Question 88

Muscle attachment of Greater Trochanter

Answer 88

Mnemonic for muscle attachment on greater trochanter is POGO: Piriformis Obturator internus Gemelli Obturator externus

Question 89

Avulsion # of greaterand lesser trochanter occurs when-

Answer 89

forceful contraction of the gluteus medius causes avulsion of greater forceful contraction of the iliopsoas causes avulsion # of lesser trochanter

Question 90

What I'd the angle of neck of femur

Answer 90

It is set at an angle of approximately 135 degrees to the shaft.

Question 91

Site of attachment of iliofemoral ligament is

Answer 91

Intertrochanteric line is the site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament (the strongest ligament of the hip joint).

Question 92

Which part of femur fracture causes head necrosis

Answer 92

Intracapsular part of neck of femur which affects medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 93

Only source of motor innervation to diaphragm

Answer 93

Phrenic nerve is the only source of motor innervation to the diaphragm and therefore plays a crucial role in breathing.

Question 94

Overview of Phrenic Nerve

Answer 94

Overview Nerve roots – anterior rami of C3, C4 and C5. Motor functions – innervates the diaphragm. Sensory functions – innervates the central part of the diaphragm, the pericardium and the mediastinal part of the parietal pleura.

Question 95

Phrenic Nerve relationship to anterior scalene muscle

Answer 95

arise from the lateral border of anterior scalene

Question 96

Middle part of Medial of thigh is supplied by

Answer 96

Obturator Nerve

Question 97

Which muscle of medial compartment of thigh laterally rotates it alon with adduction

Answer 97

Obturator externus

Question 98

Adrenal gland origin

Answer 98

1st develops at 6th week gestation with no reticularis zone Cortex from mesoderm Medulla from ectoderm, neuralcrest cells

Question 99

Adrenal gland origin

Answer 99

1st develops at 6th week gestation with no reticularis zone Cortex from mesoderm Medulla from ectoderm, neuralcrest cells

Question 100

Immediately lateral to pisiform bone is which Nerve

Answer 100

Ulnar Nerve

Question 101

Flexor of IP joint of thumb

Answer 101

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Question 102

Dupuytrens contracture affect which fingers

Answer 102

Little . and ring finger

Question 103

Keypoint of Dupuytrens contracture

Answer 103

*Flexed ring and little finger towards palm .*Contracture of parmar aponeurosis *Common in maleover 40 years

Question 104

Intrinsic hand Muscle

Answer 104

Mnemonic for intrinsic hand muscles 'A OF A OF A' ) A bductor pollicis brevis O pponens pollicis F lexor pollicis brevis A dductor pollicis (thenar muscles) O pponens digiti minimi F lexor digiti minimi brevis A bductor digiti minimi (hypothenar muscles)

Question 105

Which of the following fingers is not a point of attachment for the palmar interossei?

Answer 105

The middle finger has no attachment of the palmar interosseous.

Question 106

Which muscle is responsible for causing flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint of the ring finger?

Answer 106

Flexor digitorom Profundus

Question 107

Ccervical rib arises at which level

Answer 107

C 7

Question 108

Adsons test

Answer 108

To confirm Cervical Rib (lateral flexion of the neck away from symptomatic side and traction of the symptomatic arm- leads to obliteration of radial pulse)

Question 109

Contents of Clavipectoral fascia

Answer 109

1. Thoracoacromial artery 2. cephalic vein 3. Lateralpectoral nerve (neweto pectoris major ) 40 Lymphaticsfross, breast to apical lymph nodes

Question 110

What is Erb's point?

Answer 110

Sensory nerves of cervical plexus enter the skin at the middle of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. This area is known as the nerve point of the neck (Erb’s point), and is utilised when performing a cervical plexus nerve block.

Question 111

What is posterior interosseous nerve?

Answer 111

When the deep branch of the radial nerve penetrates the supinator muscle of the forearm,

Question 112

What are penicilliary radicles

Answer 112

In white pulp of spleen The germinal centres are supplied by arterioles called penicilliary radicles.

Question 113

To perform an open inguinal hernia repair under local anaesthesia. Which dermatomal level will require blockade?

Answer 113

T12

Question 114

Which nerves get damaged during submandibular gland excision

Answer 114

Three cranial nerves may be injured during submandibular gland excision. Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve Lingual nerve Hypoglossal nerve

Question 115

Which nerv3 supplies skin over axilla

Answer 115

Intercostobrachial nerve

Question 116

Innervation of short and long head of biceps femoris

Answer 116

The short head of biceps femoris, which may occasionally be absent, is innervated by the common peroneal component of the sciatic nerve. The long head is innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve.

Question 117

Cranial nerves which carry Parasympathetic supply

Answer 117

III (oculomotor) Pupillary constriction and accommodation VII (facial) Lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual glands IX (glossopharyngeal) Parotid X (vagus) Heart and abdominal viscera

Question 118

Diagastric nerve supply

Answer 118

The posterior belly of digastric is innervated by the facial nerve and the anterior belly by the mylohoid nerve.

Question 119

Waldeyers fascia- Sibsons fascia- Bucks fascia- Gerotas fascia- Denoviller fascia-

Answer 119

Waldeyers fascia- Posterior ano-rectum Sibsons fascia- Lung apex Bucks fascia- Base of penis Gerotas fascia- Surrounding kidney Denonvilliers fascia- Between rectum and prostate

Question 120

Contents of foramen ovale

Answer 120

Mnemonic: OVALE O tic ganglion V3 (Mandibular nerve:3rd branch of trigeminal) A ccessory meningeal artery L esser petrosal nerve E missary veins

Question 121

Branches of internal carotid artery

Answer 121

Mnemonic for branches of the cerebral portion of the internal carotid artery 'Only Press Carotid Arteries Momentarily' Only = Opthalmic Press = Posterior communicating Carotid = Choroidal Arteries = Anterior cerebral Momentarily = Middle cerebralBrach

Question 122

Marginal mandibular nerve supplies

Answer 122

The marginal mandibular nerve lies deep to platysma. It supplies the depressor anguli oris and the depressor labii inferioris. If injured it may lead to facial asymmetry and dribbling.

Question 123

Amomg vessels and nerves which structure is the most superficial to wub,andibulae gland

Answer 123

Mandibular branch of facial nerve

Question 124

Submandibular duct stones are

Answer 124

Radio opaque Seromucinous Distal stones removed orally and proximal stones and infections need excision

Question 125

Siadadenitis is caused by

Answer 125

Staphylococcus aureus infection

Question 126

What us Branchial cyst

Answer 126

An oval, mobile cystic mass that develops between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the pharynx

Question 127

Most common cause of neck swelling

Answer 127

Reactive lymphadenopathy

Question 128

Pharyngeal pouch

Answer 128

Represents a posteromedial herniation between thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus muscles

Question 129

Which nerves leaves from middle cranial fossa and causes lacrimation issue

Answer 129

Greater petrosal nerve

Question 130

Nerves of superior orbital fissure

Answer 130

SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE: Outside L - lacrimal F - frontal T - trochlear done Inside N - nasociliary A - abducent nerve O - oculomotor nerve LFT done outside No Abnormality Occurred inside

Question 131

Palatine bone forms which partof bony orbit

Answer 131

Inferior Wall of orbit

Question 132

Position of ant and post ethmoidal artery

Answer 132

Ant and postethmoidal foramina are present B/w roof and medial wall orbitassociated with fronto ethmvidal Suture.

Question 133

Position of superior and inf orbital fissure

Answer 133

Sup. is b/w greater and lesser wing of sphenoid Inf. is b/ w greaterwing and maxillary bone

Question 134

Air in orbit is due to# of

Answer 134

D ledial wall as it contains ethmoidal sinuses

Question 135

Exit of trigeminal nerves from cranium

Answer 135

Standing Room Only -Exit of branches of trigeminal nerve from the skull V1 -Superior orbital fissure V2 -foramen Rotundum V3 -foramen Ovale

Question 136

Sphenopalatine Foramen contains what and connection between what cavities

Answer 136

At the level of the superior meatus, the sphenopalatine foramen is located. This hole allows communication between the nasal cavity and the pterygopalatine fossa. The sphenopalatine artery, nasopalatine and superior nasal nerves pass through here.

Question 137

Terminal branch of maxillary artery

Answer 137

Sphenopalatine artery

Question 138

External nasal nerve

Answer 138

*Branch of ant etthmoidal nerve ,a branch of opthalmic nerve Supplies skin around nares, nasaIvestibule and tip of nose.

Question 139

Structure passing through incisive canal

Answer 139

Nasopalatine nerve passes from nasal cavity to oral Greater palatine artery passes from oral to nasal cavity through this foramen.

Question 140

Patellar ligament

Answer 140

Distal part of quadriceps On both side it is supp9rted by ligaments ofvastus m3dialis ND lateralis

Question 141

Difference between medial and lateral collateral ligament

Answer 141

Both attach to medial/lateral epicondyle and condyle of femur and tibia BUTonly medial one attaches to the meniscus While on lateral side there is another light called anterolatreal lig which attaches to meniscus

Question 142

What is anserine bursa

Answer 142

Anserine bursa deep to Semitendinosus, Gracilis, and Sartorius tendons

Question 143

Attachment of ant cruciate

Answer 143

Sup on medial side of lateral condyle of femur Inf ant intercondylar area of tibiq just behind the meniscus

Question 144

How many bursa around knee

Answer 144

12

Question 145

Ant part of menisci of knee are joined by

Answer 145

Transverse ligament

Question 146

MCL vs LCL ligqment

Answer 146

MCL damage if positive valgus LCLdamage if positive varus

Question 147

Which ligament splits tendon of biceps femoris

Answer 147

Lateral collateral ligament passes from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula in front of its highest point and splits the tendon of biceps femoris

Question 148

primary restraint to valgus tilting of the talus.

Answer 148

Deltoid ligament

Question 149

Syndesmosis

Answer 149

It consists of (from anterior to posterior) the anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), the transverse tibiofibular ligament (TTFL), the interosseous membrane, and the posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL).

Question 150

Mortise view

Answer 150

mortise views (20 degrees internal rotation of foot

Question 151

Function of ankle vs subtalar joint

Answer 151

Ankle: dorsi and plantar flexion Subtalar: inversion and eversion

Question 152

Ankle reflex spinal nerve

Answer 152

S1 and S2

Question 153

Muscles of planter flexion and dorsi flexion

Answer 153

Plantarflexion by muscles of posterior compartment of leg which are gastrokenemies solius posterior tibialis and plantaris Dorsiflexion – produced by the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus).

Question 154

Nervesupply to ankle

Answer 154

By tibial, superficial and common fibular

Question 155

Which intrinsic muscle of the foot is not innervated by tibial nerve

Answer 155

Extensor digitorum brevis

Question 156

Foot inversion muscles

Answer 156

Tibialis anterior and posterior

Question 157

Which foot branch of tibial nerve arises before tarsal tunnel

Answer 157

Medial Calcaneal branch

Question 158

1web spaceof toes is supplied by

Answer 158

Deep Peroneal Nerve

Question 159

Medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves origin

Answer 159

Medial is from Tibial Nerve Lateralis from Common fibular nerve

Question 160

Function of Fibularis longus

Answer 160

1. Eversion 2. Plantar Flexion 3. Supports medial and lateral arches of foot

Question 161

Position of Femoral artery

Answer 161

The femoral artery at the groin constantly lies halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the midline (the pubicsymphysis nottuberule)

Question 162

Position of suprarenal and the gonadal (ovarian or testicular) arteries in relation to renal arteries

Answer 162

 suprarenal and the gonadal (ovarian or testicular) arteries as separate branches, respectively above andbelow the origins of the renal arteries on each side at L1 level

Question 163

Caudate lobe blood flow

Answer 163

The caudate lobe receives an independent blood supply from the hepatic portal vein and artery and its branch ofthe hepatic vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava.4.

Question 164

Normal portal pressure

Answer 164

Normal portal pressure is 5–8 mmHg

Question 165

Which organ lies anterior in direct contact with the left kidney without separation by visceral peritoneum?

Answer 165

The suprarenal, pancreatic, and colic areas are devoid of peritoneum.5.

Question 166

Function of psoas major muscle

Answer 166

inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur and thus flexes the thigh at the hip joint arnel external rotation.

Question 167

a subcostal flank approach to the kidney, which of the following may be incised to increase upward mobility of the 12th rib?

Answer 167

costovertebral ligament is a strong fascial attachment between the transverse process of the first and second lumbarvertebrae and the inferior margin of the 12th rib.

Question 168

descending duodenumalso called

Answer 168

2nd part of duodenum

Question 169

descending duodenum relation

Answer 169

The descending part of the duodenum (the second part) descends vertically, directly anterior to the hilum of the right kidney,and as a result is intimately related on its posterior aspect to the medial margin of the right kidney, renal pelvis, pelviureteric 3 junction, and often the right proximal ureter. The common bile duct also lies posterior and drains into the descendingduodenum. Directly medial and intimately related to the descending duodenum lies the pancreatic head.8. Lies post to transverse colon

Question 170

anteriorly the right ureter is related to 

Answer 170

anteriorly the right ureter is related to the terminal ileum, caecum, appendix,and ascending colon and their mesenteries.

Question 171

 injury to the ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 171

Loss Of sensation to the mons pubis and anterior scrotum in the male and labia majora inthe female.

Question 172

Inferior epi vessel lies

Answer 172

Between transverse abd muscle and peritoneum

Question 173

Aorta relation to left main bronchus Azygous vein to Right main bronchus

Answer 173

Posterior to bronchus

Question 174

Nerves post and ant to hila of Lungs

Answer 174

vagus post toit Phresic ant to it

Question 175

Medial and Lateral femoral circumflex arteries are direct branches of

Answer 175

Profunda femurus artery

Question 176

Relationship of femoral artery to profanda femorus artery

Answer 176

Femoral artery is medial to it

Question 177

Interior and posterior circumflex arteries are branches of

Answer 177

Obturator artery

Question 178

Site of ectopic pregnancies

Answer 178

Most common site is ampula off filopian tube 2nd most common site is isthmus/ of uterine tube

Question 179

Type a aortic dissection versus type b

Answer 179

Type Ain ascending andarch of aorta B in descending aortaa after brachioaphallic trunkorigin

Question 180

Parasympathetic Ganglion and Nerves . .

Answer 180

4 ganglions and 4 cranial Nerves Edinger-Westphal nucleus>>Oculomotor Neve>>>Ciliary Ganglion Superior salivatory nucleus>>>Facial Nerve >>>Pteaygopalatine ganglion and Submandibular ganglion Inferior salivatory nucleus>>> Glossopharrygeal Nerve >>>Otic Ganglion

Question 181

Uterine artery is a branch of

Answer 181

Internal iliac artery

Question 182

Post int Nerve runs b/w

Answer 182

Two heads of spuinator

Question 183

Medion nerve enters forearm bfw

Answer 183

two heads of pronator teres

Question 184

Ulnar nerve enters Forearm b /w

Answer 184

Two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris post to medial epicondyle

Question 185

Intraosseous access

Answer 185

 typically undertaken at the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia 

Question 186

Content of cubital fossa

Answer 186

Mnemonic for contents of the cubital fossa – Really Need (radial nerve) Beer To (biceps tendon) Be At (brachial artery) My Nicest (median nerve).

Question 187

Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture

Answer 187

brachial artery, if not repaired, can cause Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture (uncontrolled flexion of the hand) as the forearm flexor muscles become fibrotic and short.

Question 188

subclavian artery division

Answer 188

The subclavian artery travels laterally towards the axilla. It can be divided into three parts based on its position relative to the anterior scalene muscle:

Question 189

Axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by which muscle

Answer 189

he artery can be divided into three parts based on its position relative to the pectoralis minor muscle

Question 190

Axillary artery converts to brachial artery by

Answer 190

The brachial artery is a continuation of the axillary artery past the lower border of the teres major. It is the main supply of blood for the arm.

Question 191

Relation of medion nerve and brachial artery

Answer 191

In proximal humerus M lies lateral to Band switch to Medial by moving ant over it

Question 192

Which nerve runs with Profundq Brachi artery

Answer 192

Radial Nerve in spiral groove

Question 193

Ganglia of sympathetic system is found in

Answer 193

Paraspinal region billaterally

Question 194

Camper vs scarpa fascia of abdominal wall

Answer 194

Camper is superficial and fatty Scarpa is deep than this and membramous

Question 195

Colle fascia

Answer 195

Continuation of scarpa fascia from abd to perineum and it separates base of penis from prostate

Question 196

Dartos fascia

Answer 196

Continuation of scarpa fascia into scrotum

Question 197

Fascia lata joins which fascia under inguinal ligament

Answer 197

Scarpa fascia

Question 198

1Tester drains into which lymph nodes 2 Scrotal skin drainage ?

Answer 198

1Para aortic lymph nodes 2 inguinal lymph nodes

Question 199

Ligament nuchae

Answer 199

The ligamentum nuchae is a midline intervertebral syndesmosis that spans the cervical spine, and its posterior border is firmly attached to the external occipital protuberance and to the spinous process of C7. Triangular in shape

Question 200

Ligament nuchae vs supraspinous ligament

Answer 200

1st one attaches from occipital protuberance till C7 apinous process 2nd one from C7 to sacrum

Question 201

Tectorial membrane

Answer 201

Upperr part of posterior longitudinal ligament from occipital to C2

Question 202

Posterior longitudinal membrane

Answer 202

On the anterior surface of vertebral column

Question 203

IVC relation to epiploic foramen

Answer 203

Forms Posterior wall of epiploic foramen

Question 204

Pringle Manoeuvre

Answer 204

During liver surgery Pringles manoeuvre, this involves placing a vascular clamp across the anterior aspect of the epiploic foramen. Thereby occluding: Common bile duct

Question 205

Blood supply of omentum

Answer 205

The vessels supplying the omentum are the omental branches of the right and left gastro-epiploic arteries

Question 206

he arterial supply to the gastric component is mainly provided by which of these vessels?

Answer 206

Right gastroepiploic artery

Question 207

Stomach venous drainage

Answer 207

right and left gastric veins drain directly into the portal vein right gastro-epiploic vein either drains into the SMV or middle colic vein. left gastro-epiploic and short gastric veins drain into the splenic vein

Question 208

which peritoneal ligament is absent in infants but present in adults

Answer 208

Gastro colic ligament

Question 209

Left border of lesser sac

Answer 209

Made by Splenorenal ligament Gastrosplenic ligament

Question 210

Structures post and ant to lesserseac

Answer 210

Post: Pancreas,Left Kidney Ant: Caudate lobe of liver, post border of Lesseromentum,post side of stomach and postaspect of ant two layers of greateromentum

Question 211

Omental bossa is also called

Answer 211

Lesser sac

Question 212

Epiploic foramen is found at which vertebral level

Answer 212

T12

Question 213

Position of cardia of stomach and pyloricsphincter

Answer 213

Cardin at T11 leveI pyloricsphincter atL1 Level of transpyloric plane

Question 214

Ligaments of Lesser omentum

Answer 214

Hepatoduodenal ligament Hepatogastric ligament

Question 215

junction of the body and pyloric region of stomach is present at

Answer 215

The most inferior part of the lesser curvature, the angular notch, indicates the junction of the body and pyloric region.

Question 216

Normal constrictions of esophagus

Answer 216

There are 3 cervical constriction: due to cricoid cartilage at the level of C5/6. thoracic constriction: due to aortic arch at the level of T4/5. abdominal constriction: at esophageal hiatus at T10/11.

Question 217

dividing line b/w supra and infra colic greater sac

Answer 217

transverse mesocolon attachment to post abdominal wall

Question 218

Equivalent of bulbourethral gland in women

Answer 218

Bartholin cyst

Question 219

Bulbourethral glands are also called

Answer 219

Cowper gland

Question 220

Structures arising from urogenital sinus

Answer 220

Bulbourethral gland Urethra Bladder except trigone Prostate gland

Question 221

PRostate specific antigen is produced by

Answer 221

Bulbourethral gland

Question 222

Structures of deep perennial pouch in men

Answer 222

Membranous urethra sphincter urethra muscle bulbourethral glands deep transverse perennial muscles internal Pudendal vessels and dorsal nerve of the penis

Question 223

Superficial perennial fascia forms what

Answer 223

Inf boundary of superficial perineal pouch

Question 224

Suprachiasmatic nucleus deals with

Answer 224

Regulation of circadian Rhythm

Question 225

Fossa navicularis

Answer 225

Normal dilation at distal penile region

Question 226

Widest part of male urethra

Answer 226

Prosotatic

Question 227

Urethra is lined by

Answer 227

Proximal..pseudosttatified columnar epi Distal... squamous epi

Question 228

Palmar digital veins drain into dorsal through

Answer 228

Intercapitular veins

Question 229

Cardiac catherization is done incephalic or basilic ?

Answer 229

In Basilic vein bCZ cep has a very difficult path

Question 230

anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into

Answer 230

Basilic vein below lower border of teres major

Question 231

The thoracoacromial artery arises at upper border of which muscle

Answer 231

upper edge of the Pectoralis minor.

Question 232

The level 3 axillary nodes lie between which muscles.

Answer 232

The level 3 axillary nodes lie between pectoralis major and minor.

Question 233

The level 3 axillary nodes clearance affect which artery

Answer 233

Thoracoacromial artery

Question 234

Thoracoacromial artery gives it's branchesnafter piercing

Answer 234

Clavipectoral fascia or voracoclavicular fascia

Question 235

Acromial anastomosis is formed by which arteries

Answer 235

suprascapular, thoracoacromial, and posterior humeral circumflex arteries.

Question 236

Clavicle branch of thoracoacromial artery supplies

Answer 236

sternoclavicular joint, supplying this articulation, and the Subclavius.

Question 237

Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery supplies

Answer 237

Pectoralis major and Deltoid

Question 238

Which structures run in delto pectoral groove

Answer 238

Cephalic vein and deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery

Question 239

Isthmus of thyroid location

Answer 239

Rhyme isthmus location: Rings 2,3,4 make the isthmus floor

Question 240

Thyroidea ima  Origin

Answer 240

Thyroidea ima (in 10% of population -from brachiocephalic artery or aorta)

Question 241

Ansa cervicalis loops around

Answer 241

Subclavian artery on right side Arch of Aorta on left side

Question 242

Thyroid attaches to which foramen of skull

Answer 242

attached to foramen caecum at the base of the tongue

Question 243

What is ligament of berry

Answer 243

Posteriomedially each thyroid lobe is ttached to 2nd, 3rd, 4th tracheal rings or cricoid cartilage (attached via Ligament of Berry)

Question 244

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries are in relation to which nerves

Answer 244

External laryngeal nerve (near superior thyroid artery) Recurrent laryngeal nerve (near inferior thyroid artery

Question 245

The two bellies of omohyoid are attached in front of?

Answer 245

Internal jugular vein

Question 246

Anterior jugular vein is anterior to which part of thyroid gland

Answer 246

Isthmus

Question 247

Which structures are prone to damage while cutting ligament of berry

Answer 247

Recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery can be injured during cutting ligament of berry

Question 248

Which muscles attach at oblique line of thyroid cartilage

Answer 248

Sterno thyroid Inf constrictor Thyrohyoid

Question 249

which muscle is dissected during thyroidectomy

Answer 249

Sternohyoid muscle is dissected during thyroidectomy as they are connected together by a median raphe

Question 250

1st branch of external carotid artery

Answer 250

Superior thyroid artery (1st branch of external carotid)

Question 251

Ist branch of Thyrocervical Trunk

Answer 251

Inf thyroid artery

Question 252

Blood supply of Parathyroid glands

Answer 252

InF thyroidartery

Question 253

Arterial supply of thyroid

Answer 253

Superior thyroid artery (1st branch of external carotid) Inferior thyroid artery (from thyrocervical trunk)

Question 254

Demifacets of which ribs

Answer 254

2nd and 7th rib

Question 255

Relation of Left brachiocephalic vein with sternum

Answer 255

The left brachiocephalic vein lies posterior to the manubrium, at the level of its upper border

Question 256

Structures at sternal angle

Answer 256

Costal cartilages of the 2nd ribs Transition point between superior and inferior mediastinum Arch of the aorta Tracheal bifurcation Union of the azygos vein and superior vena cava The thoracic duct crosses to the midline

Question 257

sternoclavicular joint is what Kind of joint

Answer 257

fibrocartilage

Question 258

The sternoclavicular joint consists of?

Answer 258

The sternoclavicular joint consists of the sternal end of the clavicle, the manubrium of the sternum, and part of the 1st costal cartilage

Question 259

sternoclavicular joint is which Kind of joint

Answer 259

Type of joint – being a saddle joint it can move in two axes.

Question 260

which ligament is main for sternoclavicular joint stabilizing

Answer 260

Costoclavicular ligament is the main stabilising force for the joint, resisting elevation of the pectoral girdle.

Question 261

Costoclavicular joint is reinforced superiorly by

Answer 261

Interclavicular ligament

Question 262

What are Hassall's corpuscles

Answer 262

Hassall's corpuscles are the concentric ring of epithelial cells seen in the medulla of the thymus.

Question 263

The thymus develops from which pharyngeal structure

Answer 263

The thymus develops from the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches

Question 264

Vascular supply of thymus

Answer 264

Its arterial supply is from the internal mammary artery or pericardiophrenic arteries. Venous drainage is to the left brachiocephalic vein.

Question 265

Pericardial artery of thoracic aota supplies

Answer 265

Dorsal portion of pericardium

Question 266

Superior phrenic artery is a branch of

Answer 266

Thoracic aorta it supplies the superior portion of the diaphragm

Question 267

Difference between right and left bronchial arteries

Answer 267

Left side arise thoracic aorta from while right side ones arise from third posterior intercostal artery

Question 268

Subcostal arteries arise from

Answer 268

First 2 from subclavian artery Further 9 arises from posterior aspect of thoracic aorta

Question 269

Muscles supplied by Ansa cervicalis

Answer 269

Ansa cervicalis Superior Omohyoid SternoThyroid SternoHyoid Inferior Omohyoid

Question 270

Cell bodies of the pre-ganglionic efferent neurones of sympathetic system lies in which horn

Answer 270

lateral horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord '

Question 271

Thoracic sympathetic chain is ssurrounded by which structure

Answer 271

Parietal pleura

Question 272

Cervical sympathetic chain is present ant and post to which regions

Answer 272

Lie anterior to the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and posterior to the carotid sheath.

Question 273

Lumbar sympathetic chain relation

Answer 273

Lie anteriorly to the vertebrae and medial to psoas major.

Question 274

origin of the sympathetic nervous system is found within which part of sspinal cord

Answer 274

thoracolumbar division (T1 to L2,3).

Question 275

he cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the SNS are found only in the

Answer 275

are found only in the intermediolateral cell columns (ICLs) of the spinal cord, one

Question 276

intermediolateral cell columns (ICLs) belong to which horn of spinal cord

Answer 276

ICLs are part of the lateral horns of the gray matter of the thoracic (T1-12) and upper lumbar (L2 or L3) spinal cord

Question 277

what is ganglion impar /ganglion of Walther

Answer 277

Paravertebral Column converge anteriorly at the coccyx, forming the ganglion impar (ganglion of Walther)

Question 278

Prevertebral ganglia of SNS are

Answer 278

Celiac Aorticorenal Superior mesenteric ganglia. Inferior mesenteric ganglia.

Question 279

SNS cell bodies and their supply

Answer 279

/T1-6 cell bodies that are located superiorly innervate the head, upper limb and thoracic viscera. T7-11 located in the middle innervate the body wall and abdominal viscera, T11-L2(3) located inferiorly innervate the lower limb and pelvic viscera.

Question 280

Middle cervical ganglion location

Answer 280

C6 level

Question 281

Superior cervical ganglion Location

Answer 281

lies anterior to C2 and C3.

Question 282

For treatment of hyperhidrosis. what is done

Answer 282

hyperhidrosis the sympathetic denervation can be achieved by removing the second and third thoracic ganglia with their ram

Question 283

why T1 not denervated for hyperhidrosis

Answer 283

Removal of T1 will cause a Horners syndrome and is therefore not performed.

Question 284

Why ganglia till L2 and below are disrupted and not above this location

Answer 284

If L1 is removed then ejaculation may be compromised (and little additional benefit conferred as the preganglionic fibres do not arise below L2.

Answer 285

The preganglionic fibres of SNS only arise from T1 to L2 level

Question 286

Catecholamine is made ofwhich Amino Acids

Answer 286

Catecholamine (phenylalanine and tyrosine)

Question 287

which adrenergic receptors on SKELETAL mseles

Answer 287

β 2 receptors in skeletal muscle vessels-causing vasodilation

Question 288

How adrenaline causes narrow pulse pressure

Answer 288

Vasoconstriction in the skin and kidneys causing a narrow pulse pressure

Question 289

Adrenaline effects on alpha receptors

Answer 289

β adrenergic receptors: Stimulates glucagon secretion in the pancreas Stimulates ACTH Stimulates lipolysis by adipose tissue

Question 290

Adrenaline effecton beta receptors

Answer 290

β adrenergic receptors: Stimulates glucagon secretion in the pancreas Stimulates ACTH Stimulates lipolysis by adipose tissue

Question 291

How insulin and glucagon levels are affected by adrenaline

Answer 291

α adrenergic receptors: action adrenaline stimulates insulin secretion by the pancreas By beta adrenergic action adrenaline stimulates glucagon secretion

Question 292

Carotid Sinus contains

Answer 292

Baro receptors

Question 293

Carotid Sinis Location

Answer 293

At bifurcation of Common Carotid artery C4 Level / Upper border of thyroid Cartilage

Question 294

cervical sympathetic chainand prevertebral fascia relation

Answer 294

The cervical sympathetic chain lies anteriorly to prevertebral fascia. I

Question 295

Superficial layer of deep cervical fasci encloses which muscle

Answer 295

Ant Sternocleidomastoid Postero laterally Trapezius muscle

Question 296

Aortic arch is covered superiorly by which neck fascia

Answer 296

Pretracheal

Question 297

Whichstructure is completely Surrounded by pretracheal fascia

Answer 297

Thyroid gland

Question 298

Retropharyngeal space location

Answer 298

Post to Buccopharyngeal fascia and anterior to Alar fascia and Prevertebral fascia

Question 299

Scalone muscles are present in which fascia

Answer 299

Prevertebrald fascia

Question 300

which structure Lies posterior to the carotid sheath at the level of the 6th cervical vertebra?

Answer 300

Middle Cervical ganglion of SNS

Question 301

At which vertebral level common carotid can be compressed

Answer 301

The anterior tubercle of C6 transverse process is prominent and the artery can be compressed against this structure

Question 302

Level of cricoid cartilage

Answer 302

C6

Question 303

Diff of Right and left common carotid course in the neck

Answer 303

there is no thoracic duct on the right. The oesophagus is less closely related to the right carotid than the left

Question 304

Internal carotid artery supply

Answer 304

forehead, nose, eyes and the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere (internal carotid artery)

Question 305

Carotid Sinus location

Answer 305

The carotid sinus is a dilation of the base of the internal carotid artery, referred to as a baroreceptor and is innervated by the carotid branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 306

Carotid Body location

Answer 306

located posterior to the carotid bifurcation, involved in relaying information about the arterial chemical composition to respiratory centres in the brainstem. Like the carotid sinus, it is innervated by the carotid branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 307

What is carotid tubercle

Answer 307

carotid tubercle (transverse process 6th cervical vertebra

Question 308

Stellate ganglion location

Answer 308

anterior to transverse process of C7, lies posterior to the subclavian artery, vertebral artery and cervical pleura

Question 309

If Hyperhidrosis of hands and feet, which area's sympathectomy needs to be done

Answer 309

Superior cervical ganglion at T2 and T3

Question 310

Nerves at risk during a carotid endarterectomy:

Answer 310

Hypoglossal nerve Greater auricular nerve Superior laryngeal nerve

Question 311

From which pharyngeal pouch does sup and inf parathyroid arises

Answer 311

The inferior parathyroid is a derivative of the third pharyngeal pouch. The superior parathyroid originates from the fourth pharyngeal pouch. Improve

Question 312

Superior parathyroid is in relation to which artery

Answer 312

Inferior thyroid artery

Question 313

What is a roof top incision

Answer 313

A rooftop incision is typically used to access the pancreas for resectional surgery.

Question 314

What is the space of Retzius

Answer 314

Bladder can be accessed via an extraperitoneal approach through the space of Retzius

Question 315

What is battle incision

Answer 315

Similar location to paramedian but rectus displaced medially (and thus denervated

Question 316

Kocher incision

Answer 316

Incision under right subcostal margin e.g. Cholecystectomy (open)

Question 317

What is the classical indication for a Mercedes Benz incision?

Answer 317

Liver transplantation

Question 318

McEvedy's incision

Answer 318

Groin incision e.g. Emergency repair strangulated femoral hernia

Question 319

the incision approach of choice for first time renal transplantation

Answer 319

.Rutherford Morrison

Question 320

Which structure is runs in coronary sulcus

Answer 320

Right coronary artery

Question 321

Which pericardial sinus is used for CABG

Answer 321

The transverse pericardial sinus is found superiorly on the heart. It can be used in coronary artery bypass grafting

Question 322

Which pericardial layer causes problem during tamponade

Answer 322

Fibrous pericardium rigid structure prevents rapid overfilling of the heart, but can contribute to serious clinical consequences (see cardiac tamponade).

Question 323

Whichpericardium Continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm

Answer 323

Fibrous

Question 324

The purkinje fibres are located in which layer.

Answer 324

Subendocardial layer

Question 325

Cause of myocarditis

Answer 325

often due to viruses such as adenovirus and coxsackie B.

Question 326

superior and inferior vena cavae opens in which part of RA

Answer 326

Sinus venarum

Question 327

Location of coronary sinus

Answer 327

opens into the right atrium between the inferior vena cava orifice and the right atrioventricular orifice.

Question 328

Auricle are formed by

Answer 328

Pectinate muscles

Question 329

What is supraventricular crest

Answer 329

The right ventricle can be divided into an inflow and outflow portion, which are separated by a muscular ridge known as the supraventricular crest.

Question 330

Derivation of bulbus cordis

Answer 330

The outflow portion of left and right ventricle

Question 331

Location of SA NOd3

Answer 331

Where where SVC enters

Question 332

Av node is present at

Answer 332

Near the opening of coronary sinus in the AV septum

Question 333

Contents of carotid sheath:

Answer 333

Common carotid artery Internal carotid artery Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve

Question 334

Conus arteriosus

Answer 334

The conus arteriosus (infundibulum) is the smooth walled outflow tract of the right ventricle leading to the pulmonary trunk.

Question 335

most common anomaly of the thoracic venous system

Answer 335

Persistent left superior vena cava is the

Question 336

Persistent LEFT SVC drains into heart through

Answer 336

Coronary sinus

Question 337

Sup and Infquadranopia and site of lesion

Answer 337

Superior quadranopia = temporal lobe lesion Inferior quadranopia = parietal lobe lesion

Question 338

What are thespian veins

Answer 338

contribute to the venous drainage of the heart into right atrium

Question 339

Lower bitemporal hemianopia

Answer 339

What type of visual field defect is most likely to be noted in a patient with a craniopharyngioma?

Question 340

Carina location

Answer 340

The trachea bifurcates at the level of the angle of Louis which is the intervertebral space between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebra.

Question 341

Sternocleidpmastoid movement damages which structure

Answer 341

Accessory nerve

Question 342

Where is a gomphoses type of fibrous joint typically found?

Answer 342

Teeth

Question 343

Location of roots of brachial plexus

Answer 343

between the anterior and medial scalene muscles to enter the base of the neck.

Question 344

Which pa4t of brachial plexus is located in post triangle

Answer 344

Root

Question 345

Nerve arising from C5 root of BPlexus

Answer 345

Dorsal scapular nerve It supplies rhomoid major and minor muscles

Question 346

Thoracodorsal nerve arises from

Answer 346

Roots of C5,6 and 7 And supplies serratus anterior muscle

Question 347

Nerves arising from roots of brachial plexus

Answer 347

Dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerve

Question 348

Nerves arising from trunk of brachial plexus

Answer 348

Suprascapular nerve Nerve to subclavius

Question 349

3hich part of brachial plexus doesn't have any branches

Answer 349

DIVISIONS

Question 350

Pneumonic for branches of posterior cord

Answer 350

ULTRA Upper subscapular Lower subscapular Thoracodorsal Radial Axillary

Question 351

Cords of brachial pl3xus relation axillary artery

Answer 351

To 2md part of axillary artery

Question 352

Which nerve forms in front of the last part of Axillary Artery

Answer 352

Median nerve forms by the combination of medial and lateral chord in front of it

Question 353

Transverse process In the thoracic vertebrae,

Answer 353

In the thoracic vertebrae, the transverse processes articulate with the ribs.

Question 354

Pedicles of vertebra

Answer 354

connect the vertebral body to the transverse processes

Question 355

Lamina of vertebra

Answer 355

Lamina – connect the transverse and spinous processes.

Question 356

Unique feature of cervical vertebra

Answer 356

Bufid spinous process except C1 and C7 Transverse foramina Triangular vertebral column in C1 and C2

Question 357

Unique features of thoracic vertebra

Answer 357

Demi factes for articulation with heads of two diff ribs Coastal facet for articulation with shaft of the respective rib Spinous process is oblique and jnferior

Question 358

Which vertebrae has no arches

Answer 358

Coccyx

Question 359

What is ligamentum flavum

Answer 359

Ligamentum flavum – extends between lamina of adjacent vertebrae.

Question 360

Which intervertebral area doesn't have disc

Answer 360

There is one disc between each pair of vertebrae, except for C1/2 and the sacrococcygeal vertebrae.

Question 361

Right subclavian and left embryo origin

Answer 361

Right:4th aortic arch of right dorsal aorta and 7th intersegmental artery Left: 7th intersegmental artery

Question 362

Pulsation of which part of subclavian artery can be felt

Answer 362

3rd part in omoclavicular triangle

Question 363

Brachiocephalic trunkip and subclavian relation

Answer 363

Inferior trunk lies posteriorly to 3rd part of subclavian artery

Question 364

Branches of subclavian artery

Answer 364

Branches Vertebral artery Internal thoracic artery Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Dorsal scapular artery Mnemonic: 'VIT C and D'

Question 365

Subclavian artery is divided through which muscle

Answer 365

In 3 parts by ant scalene muscle

Question 366

Blood supply to upper back

Answer 366

Dorsal scapular artery a branch of subclavian artery

Question 367

Which nerves is present in investing layer of neck

Answer 367

Cervical branch of facial nerve Transverse cutaneousnerve of neck

Question 368

Digastric muscle nerve supply

Answer 368

Nerve supply to digastric muscle Anterior: Mylohyoid nerve Posterior: Facial nerve

Question 369

Potato tumor

Answer 369

/enlargement of carotid body

Question 370

Which part of ANSA CERVICALIS in carotid triangle

Answer 370

Upper root/ descends root

Question 371

Nerves damaged during axillary node clearance

Answer 371

INTER COSTOBRQCHIAL LONG THORACIC NERVE

Question 372

Uncinate process of pancreas arise from which bud

Answer 372

Ventral bud Also pancreatic duct also arises from this structure

Question 373

Minor duct of Santorini

Answer 373

The minor duct of pancreas which arises from dorsal bud

Question 374

annular pancreas where is the most likely site of obstruction

Answer 374

2nd part of duodenum

Question 375

Blood supply of head of pancreas

Answer 375

Head: pancreaticoduodenal artery Rest: splenic artery

Question 376

Location of SMA to pancreass

Answer 376

The superior mesenteric artery lies behind the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process.

Question 377

the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries are branches of

Answer 377

superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries which are branches of the gastroduodenal (from coeliac trunk) and superior mesenteric arteries, respectively.

Question 378

Causes of pancreatitis

Answer 378

GET SMASHED: Gall stones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion stings Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism ERCP – endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Drugs – such as sodium valproate, azathioprine and sulphonamides

Question 379

Function of biceps

Answer 379

Flex the shoulder and elbow Supinates the arm

Question 380

brachioradialis function

Answer 380

Flexion at elbow and supination of forearm

Question 381

Triangular ligament

Answer 381

On right and left side of hepatic formed when upper and lower coronary Ligaments join

Question 382

Saphenous Nerve

Answer 382

It contains the saphenous nerve, femoral vein and the superficial branch of the femoral artery.

Question 383

Nerve supply of tensor tympani and stapedius muscle

Answer 383

The tensor tympani is innervated by the trigeminal nerve the stapedius by the facial

Question 384

Witch nerve is associated with middle meningeal artery

Answer 384

The middle meningeal artery is intimately associated with the auriculotemporal nerve

Question 385

Capitate is not associated with which nerve

Answer 385

Ulnar

Question 386

Capitate articulates with which other bones

Answer 386

The capitate bone articulates with the lunate, scaphoid, hamate and trapezoid bones, which are therefore closely related to it.

Question 387

Ulnar nerve and artery are adjacent to which carpal bone

Answer 387

Pisiform

Question 388

The spinal accessory nerve innervates 

Answer 388

The spinal accessory nerve innervates trapezius. The entire muscle will retract the scapula. However, its upper and lower fibres act together to upwardly rotate it.

Question 389

Pudenal nerve relation to Perineal space

Answer 389

The pudendal nerve is located in the deep perineal space and then branches to innervate more superficial structures

Question 390

What happens to Anatomical dead space after tracheostomy

Answer 390

Decreased by 50%

Question 391

which nerve lies between the superior cerebelar and posterior cerebral arteries

Answer 391

Oculomotor nerve

Question 392

Which artery is decompressed to treat Trigeminal Neuralgia

Answer 392

Superior cerebellar artery

Question 393

The posterior inferior cerebelar artery arise from

Answer 393

Vertebral artery

Question 394

labyrinthine artery origin and relation

Answer 394

Arise from lower partof basilar Accompanies facial and vestibule cochlear Nerve

Question 395

Adductor of shoulder joint

Answer 395

Pectoralis major, Teresa major, corachobrachialis, lats dorsi

Question 396

the point of aortic bifurcation

Answer 396

L4

Question 397

ectopic testis

Answer 397

A testis at the base of the penis is ectopic, not listed is the superficial inguinal pouc

Question 398

arterial supply to the prostate gland

Answer 398

The arterial supply to the prostate gland is from the inferior vesical artery

Question 399

inferior vesical artery is a branch of

Answer 399

Internal iliac artery

Question 400

inability to adduct the thumb

Answer 400

Damage to the deep branch of the ulnar nerve may result in an inability to adduct the thumb

Question 401

first branch of the axillary artery

Answer 401

The superior thoracic artery is the first branch of the axillary artery arises from the first part

Question 402

long head of the triceps muscle arise?

Answer 402

The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle

Question 403

At which of the following levels does the inferior thyroid artery enter the thyroid gland?

Answer 403

It enters the gland at C6

Question 404

The space between the vocal cords is referred to as which of the following?

Answer 404

The rima glottidis is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity. Improve

Question 405

clinically distinguish between an upper and lower motor neurone lesion of the facial nerve?

Answer 405

Upper motor neurone lesions of the facial nerve- Paralysis of the lower half of face. Lower motor neurone lesion- Paralysis of the entire ipsilateral face

Question 406

Patey Mastectom

Answer 406

During a Patey Mastectomy surgeons divide pectoralis minor to gain access to level 3 node

Question 407

How many compartments are there in the lower leg?

Answer 407

4

Question 408

Waldeyers fascia

Answer 408

Waldeyers fascia separates the mesorectum from the sacrum

Question 409

Fascial layers surrounding the rectum

Answer 409

Fascial layers surrounding the rectum: Anteriorly lies the fascia of Denonvilliers Posteriorly lies Waldeyers fascia

Question 410

The terminal part of the thoracic duct relation

Answer 410

The terminal part of the thoracic duct inserts into the left subclavian vein and it passes posterior to the jugular vein.

Question 411

Superior mesenteric artery first branch

Answer 411

inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery. Improve

Question 412

The superior adrenal artery is a branch of

Answer 412

The superior adrenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery. Improve

Question 413

Cardiooesophageal junction leve

Answer 413

Cardiooesophageal junction level = T11

Question 414

Spinal level of ext4nsor hallucis longus

Answer 414

Extensor hallucis longus is derived from L5 a

Question 415

Muscles supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 415

All larynx muscles except cricothyroid

Question 416

Nerve supply to cricoid muscle

Answer 416

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle.

Question 417

The internal spermatic fascia (derived from transversalis fascia) invests:

Answer 417

The internal spermatic fascia (derived from transversalis fascia) invests: Ductus deferens Testicular vessels

Question 418

Structures made from transversalis fascia

Answer 418

Deep inguinal ring Internal spermatic fascia

Question 419

annular pancreas is caused by which part of pancreas

Answer 419

Ventral

Question 420

External carotid artery branches mnemonic:

Answer 420

External carotid artery branches mnemonic: 'Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS' Superior thyroid (superior laryngeal artery branch) Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial (tonsillar and labial artery) Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary (inferior alveolar artery, middle meningeal artery) Superficial temporal

Question 421

The psoas major inserts

Answer 421

The psoas major inserts into the lesser trochante

Question 422

ulnar paradox

Answer 422

The ulnar paradox- the higher the lesion, the less the clawing of the fingers seen clinically.'

Question 423

Damage to the which nerve will result in a Trendelenburg gait.

Answer 423

Damage to the superior gluteal nerve will result in a Trendelenburg gait.

Question 424

Where does the spinal cord terminate in neonates?

Answer 424

L3

Question 425

In TURP if thigh twitches then which nerve could be involved

Answer 425

The obturator nerve is most closely related to the bladder (see below)

Question 426

Which of the structures are most closely related to the axillary nerve within the quadrangular space

Answer 426

The posterior circumflex humeral vessels which are branches of the axillary artery are related to the axillary nerve within the quadrangular space. Improve

Question 427

biopsy from the posterolateral aspect of the right neck is planned. Which nerve is at greatest risk?

Answer 427

The accessory nerve has a superficial course and is easily injured. It lies under platysma and may be divided during the early part of the procedure. Improve

Question 428

division of which fascial layers will expose the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 428

The ansa cervicalis lies anterior to the carotid artery and on the carotid sheath. It may be exposed by division of the pretracheal fascia at the posterolateral aspect of the thyroid gland

Question 429

A man undergoes a high anterior resection for carcinoma of the upper rectum. Which vessels will require ligation?

Answer 429

The IMA is usually divided during anterior resection. 

Question 430

which structure is the central tendon of the diaphragm derived?

Answer 430

The septum transversum is a thick ridge of mesodermal tissue in the developing embryo that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and forms the central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 431

The left main bronchus lies at

Answer 431

The left main bronchus lies at T6. 

Question 432

structures passing behind the medial malleolus from anterior to posterior include

Answer 432

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial vein, posterior tibial artery, nerve, flexor hallucis longus.

Question 433

McEvedy's incision

Answer 433

Emergency repair strangulated femoral hernia

Question 434

pulsatile swelling between the greater trochanter and pubic tubercle which vessel is more likely to be affected?

Answer 434

The level specified would lie within the femoral triangle and therefore represents the femoral artery

Question 435

Level of vertebra of Hyoid Notch of the thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage(termination)

Answer 435

Hyoid C3 Notch of the thyroid cartilage C4 Cricoid cartilage(termination) C6

Question 436

Thoracicduct relationto esophagus

Answer 436

The thoracic duct lies posterior to the oesophagus and passes to the left at the level of the Angle of Louis. It enters the thorax at T12 alongside with the aorta.

Question 437

safe triangle for chest drain

Answer 437

Anterior edge latissimus dorsi, the lateral border of pectoralis major, a line superior to the horizontal level of the nipple, and the apex below the axilla.

Question 438

root values of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 438

The sciatic nerve most commonly arises from L4 to S3.

Question 439

winging of the scapular laterally vs mediaaly

Answer 439

If Mediaaly then due to LONG THORQCIC NERVE If laterally then SPINAL ACCEROSY NERVE

Question 440

Which area of face is not supplied by trigeminal nerve

Answer 440

The trigeminal nerve is the major sensory nerve to the face except over the angle of the jaw. The angle of the jaw is innervated by the greater auricular nerve.

Question 441

Sibson's fascia encloses

Answer 441

Sibson's fascia overlies the apices of both lungs suprapleural fascia (Sibson's fascia) runs from C7 to the first rib and overlies the apex of both lungs.I

Question 442

Post hysterectomy reports pain and reduced sensation over the medial aspect of her thigh. Clinically thigh adduction is weak

Answer 442

The obturator nerve supplies sensation to the medial aspect of the thigh and causes adduction and internal rotation of the thigh.

Question 443

Sigmood sinus drains into

Answer 443

The sigmoid sinus is joined by the inferior petrosal sinus to drain into the internal jugular vein.

Question 444

Hip internal rotators

Answer 444

Mnemonic lateral hip rotators: P-GO-GO-Q (top to bottom) Piriformis Gemellus superior Obturator internus Gemellus inferior Obturator externus Quadratus femoris

Question 445

Which structure forms the largest tributary of the coronary sinus?

Answer 445

The great cardiac vein runs in the anterior interventricular groove, and is the largest tributary of the coronary sinus

Question 446

Foramen spinosum transmits

Answer 446

The foramen spinosum transmits the middle meningeal artery

Question 447

Bile duct vs cystic duct is supplied by

Answer 447

Bile: hepatic and re/troduodenal branches of the gastroduodenal artery Cystic: only hepatic artery

Question 448

superior vena caval obstruction. How many collateral circulations exist as alternative pathways of venous return? None

Answer 448

There are 4 collateral venous systems: Azygos venous system Internal mammary venous pathway Long thoracic venous system with connections to the femoral and vertebral veins (2 pathways)

Question 449

prostate lymphatic drainage

Answer 449

The prostate lymphatic drainage is primarily to the internal iliac nodes and also the sacral nodes.

Question 450

Middle meningeal artery is a branch of

Answer 450

middle meningeal arterys a branch of the maxillary artery

Question 451

Ovarian lymphatic supply

Answer 451

Para aortic lymph nodes

Question 452

Uterine funds drains into which lymphatic

Answer 452

Para aortic arch May also to inguinal

Question 453

Uterine body ,ymphatic drainage

Answer 453

To iliac lymph nodes via broad ligament

Question 454

Cervix drains into

Answer 454

three potential nodal stations; laterally through the broad ligament to the external iliac nodes, along the lymphatics of the uterosacral fold to the presacral nodes and posterolaterally along lymphatics lying alongside the uterine vessels to the internal iliac nodes.

Question 455

In left hemicolectomy which structure will be on inf aspect of psoas major

Answer 455

Left ureter

Question 456

Boundaries of femoral 🔺️

Answer 456

Superiorly Inguinal ligament Laterally Sartorius Medially Adductor longus Floor Iliopsoas, adductor longus and pectineus Roof Fascia lata and Superficial fascia Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (palpable below the inguinal ligament) Long saphenous vein

Question 457

carpal bones is a sesamoid bone in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 457

Pisiform

Question 458

The tenia coli converge at 

Answer 458

The tenia coli converge at the base of the appendix.

Question 459

Blood I'm paracolic gutter after traction of left hemicolon Injury in

Answer 459

Spleen

Question 460

Ligament important in providing support to the duodenojejunal flexure?

Answer 460

ligament of Treitz

Question 461

cuboid's distal articular surface?

Answer 461

The cuboid is located at the lateral aspect of the foot between the calcaneus posteriorly and the 4th and 5th metatarsals distally.

Question 462

most important structure involved in supporting the uterus

Answer 462

The central perineal tendon provides the main structural support to the uterus. 

Question 463

 Pain and temperature sensation transmitted through

Answer 463

Spinothalamic tract- Pain and temperature

Question 464

Pectoralis minor is supplied by which nerve

Answer 464

Pectoralis minor is supplied by the medial pectoral nerve

Question 465

initial location of the metanephric cap from which the kidney is derived?

Answer 465

Medial tobureteric bud in pelvis

Question 466

A 6 day old child is suspected of having a malrotation and requires urgent abdominal exploration. What is the most appropriate surgical approach?

Answer 466

In young children, laparotomy is performed via transverse supra umbilical incision

Question 467

aberrant Gantzer muscle. 

Answer 467

accessory of the flexor pollicis longus and is a risk factor for anterior interosseous nerve compression.

Question 468

Ant interosseous nerve lesion key point

Answer 468

Remember loss of pincer grip and normal sensation indicates an interosseous nerve lesion.

Question 469

Which structure is at greatest risk of injury during the flush ligation of the saphenofemoral junction.

Answer 469

The deep external pudendal artery runs under the long saphenous vein close to its origin

Question 470

Which nerve supplies general sensation to the posterior third of the tongue?

Answer 470

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 471

lymphatic drainage of the male spongy urethra?

Answer 471

lymphatic drainage of the spongy urethra and the glans penis is to the deep inguinal nodes.

Question 472

The prostatic and membranous urethra drains to which nodes

Answer 472

The prostatic and membranous urethra drains to the internal iliac nodes.

Question 473

nerves is the primary source of innervation to the anterior scrotal skin?

Answer 473

primarily provided by the ilioinguinal nerve. The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve provides a smaller contribution.

Answer 474

Popliteal fossa entrapment is the main differential diagnosis of adductor canal compression syndrome however the pulse disappears when the knee is fully extended in popliteal entrapment

Question 475

Which structures will lie in closest proximity to the hamate bone within the carpal tunnel?

Answer 475

Flexor digitorum profundus tendon

Question 476

No tendons attach to which carpal bones

Answer 476

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum (stabilised by ligaments)

Question 477

Which ligament keeps the head of the radius connected to the radial notch of the ulna?

Answer 477

The annular ligament connects the radial head to the radial notch of the ulna. This

Question 478

origin of the superior and inferior gluteal artery?

Answer 478

The inferior gluteal artery arises from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery The superior gluteal artery arises from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery

Question 479

Ureter is related to which ligament of uterus

Answer 479

 is related to the broad ligament and is within 1.5cm of the supravaginal part of the cervix.

Question 480

Spleen is derived from which embryological memb

Answer 480

Most of the gut is derived endodermally except for the spleen which is from mesenchymal tissue.

Question 481

Spleen measurements

Answer 481

1,3,5,7,9,11 (odd numbers up to 11) The spleen is: 1 inch thick, 3 inches wide, 5 inches long, weighs 7oz (150-200g), lies between the 9th and 11th ribs

Question 482

Mid inguinal point vs Mid point of the inguinal ligament

Answer 482

Mid inguinal point= surface marking for femoral artery Mid point of the inguinal ligament = surface marking for deep inguinal ring. Improve

Question 483

Which structure herniated during disc prolapse

Answer 483

nucleus pulposus is the structure which usually herniates

Question 484

Main contributor of arterial supply of femoral head

Answer 484

The vessels which form the anastomoses around the femoral head are derived from the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries. These are usually derived from the profunda femoris artery

Question 485

tendon lies medial to the dorsalis pedis artery.

Answer 485

The extensor hallucis longus tendon lies medial to the dorsalis pedis artery.

Question 486

Nerve medial to brachial artery in cubital fossa is

Answer 486

Median Nerve

Question 487

Which splenic structure lies most posteriorly?

Answer 487

The lienorenal ligament lies most posteriorly

Question 488

structures lies posterolaterally to the external carotid at it's origin

Answer 488

The internal carotid artery lies posterolaterally to the external carotid artery at it's origi

Question 489

The right testicular vein drains into

Answer 489

The right testicular vein drains into the inferior vena cava.

Question 490

Structures within the right atrium:

Answer 490

Musculi pectinati Crista terminalis Opening of the coronary sinus Fossa ovalis

Question 491

Lesions distal to the dentate line drain to

Answer 491

Lesions distal to the dentate line drain to the inguinal nodes.

Question 492

structures in the porta hepatis 

Answer 492

Portal vein Hepatic artery Common hepatic duc

Question 493

Liver segments

Answer 493

Right lobe V to VIII Left Lobe II to IV Caudate I

Question 494

Quadrate lobe belongs to which side of liver

Answer 494

Part of the right lobe anatomically, functionally is part of the left Couinaud segment IV

Question 495

Which part of liver gets blood from both R and L hepatic arteries

Answer 495

Caudate lobe

Question 496

ligamentum teres is

Answer 496

ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein is arteroinferior free part of faIciform ligament

Question 497

Ligamentum teres

Answer 497

Ligamentum teres Joins the left branch of the portal vein in the porta hepatis

Question 498

Portal Triad lies in

Answer 498

Gastro duodenal ligament

Question 499

Hepatic Recesses

Answer 499

Subphrenic Subhepatic Morrison pouch

Question 500

Which recess will have fluid in supine patient first as it's deepest

Answer 500

Morison's pouch, a space b/w liver and Kidney

Question 501

deepest part of the peritoneal cavity when supine (lying flat

Answer 501

Morison’s pouch

Question 502

Caudate lobe lies b/w

Answer 502

IV C on rightside and ligamentum venosum on Left side

Question 503

Quadrate lobe lies b/w

Answer 503

gallbladder and a fossa produced by the ligamentum teres (a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein).

Question 504

porta hepatis transmits all the vessels, nerves and ducts entering or leaving the liver with the exception of

Answer 504

hepatic veins.

Question 505

Structure above and below Porta hepatis

Answer 505

Caudate superiorly Quadrate inferiorly

Question 506

Glisson’s capsule.

Answer 506

The liver is covered by a fibrous layer, known

Question 507

Content of Portal Triad

Answer 507

Arteriole Venule Bile duct Vagus Nerve - Lymphatic Vessels

Question 508

Blood supply of Liver

Answer 508

Hepatic artery proper (25%) – supplies the non-parenchymal structures Hepatic portal vein (75%) – supplies the liver parenchyma

Question 509

Glisson's Capsule Nerve Supply

Answer 509

Glisson’s capsule, the fibrous covering of the liver, is innervated by branches of the lower intercostal nerves.Distension of the capsule results in a sharp, well localised pain.

Question 510

Lymph node of Lund –

Answer 510

the first lymph node of the gallbladder

Question 511

Border of Calot Triangle

Answer 511

Medial – common hepatic duct. Inferior – cystic duct. Superior – inferior surface of the liver.

Question 512

cystic artery is a branch of

Answer 512

right hepatic artery not left

Question 513

contents of the Calot’s triangle

Answer 513

Right hepatic artery Cystic artery Lymph node of Lund Lymphatics

Question 514

Hartmann’s Pouch

Answer 514

The neck of GB contains a mucosal fold, known as Hartmann’s Pouch. This is a common location for gallstones to become lodged, causing cholestasis

Question 515

Sinus Tarsi

Answer 515

Between talus and calcaneus

Question 516

Retropulsion by which muscle

Answer 516

Extensor pollicis longus

Question 517

Most medial part of femoral triangle

Answer 517

Femoral canal

Question 518

Content of femoral canal

Answer 518

The femoral canal contains: Lymphatic vessels – draining the deep inguinal lymph nodes. Deep lymph node – the lacunar node. Empty space. Loose connective tissue.

Question 519

Relation of Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve to inguinal ligament

Answer 519

Genital passes above itwhile femoral passes below it

Question 520

Which lymph nodes in femoral canal

Answer 520

Cloquet

Question 521

Hernia occurring 2° to r3nal surgery

Answer 521

Lumbar hernia

Question 522

hernia occurring at the level of the arcuate line

Answer 522

Spigelian

Question 523

obturator hernia points

Answer 523

More common in women and elders Also in peoplewho has lost weight ver fast Positive Howship-Romberg sig

Question 524

positive Howship-Romberg sig

Answer 524

hip and knee pain exacerbated by thigh extension, medial rotation, and abduction).

Question 525

Axillary tail

Answer 525

smaller part, runs along the inferior lateral edge of the pectoralis major towards the axillary fossa.

Question 526

Breast position in horizontal and vertical fashion

Answer 526

Horizontally from the lateral border of the sternum to the mid-axillary line. Vertically, it spans between the 2nd and 6th costal cartilages.

Question 527

Retromammary space

Answer 527

There is a layer of loose connective tissue between the breast and pectoral fascia – known as the

Question 528

Breast arises in embryo from

Answer 528

Milkline of Schultz

Question 529

Which axillary node lies in contact with axillary vein

Answer 529

Lateral nodes

Question 530

Injury of which axillary node affects intercostobrachial nerve

Answer 530

Central lymph nodes

Question 531

In which position axillary apex is small in size

Answer 531

arm abduction. The apex decreases in size most markedly when the arm is fully abducted

Question 532

quadrangular space content

Answer 532

The axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein pass through the quadrangular space

Question 533

Border of quadrangular space

Answer 533

Superior – inferior aspect of teres minor Inferior – superior aspect of teres major Lateral – surgical neck of humerus. Medial – long head of triceps brachii Anterior – subscapularis

Question 534

Muscles enclosed by clavipectoral fascia

Answer 534

Subclavius Pectoralis minor

Question 535

Which part of adductor longus forms medial border of femoral triangle

Answer 535

Medial border not lateral

Question 536

Function of femoral nerve

Answer 536

innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh, and provides sensory branches for the leg and foot.

Question 537

spinal cord terminate in neonates at

Answer 537

L3

Question 538

What structure anchors the cord to the first coccygeal vertebra.

Answer 538

the meninges form a strand of fibrous tissue, the filum terminale anchors the cord to the first coccygeal vertebra.

Question 539

Two point of enlargement in spinalcord location

Answer 539

The cervical enlargement is located proximally, at the C4-T1 level. It represents the origin of the brachial plexus. Between T11 and L1 is the lumbar enlargement, representing the origin of the lumbar and sacral plexi.

Question 540

depressions on spinal cord surface

Answer 540

The anterior median fissure is a deep groove extending the length of the anterior surface of the spinal cord. On the posterior aspect there is a slightly shallower depression – the posterior median sulcus.

Question 541

Signs of cauda equina syndrome

Answer 541

Saddle-area anaesthesia. Incontinence / retention of urine or faeces. Reduced anal tone. Paralysis ± sensory loss.

Question 542

Cauda euina lies in which region

Answer 542

Subarachnoid space

Question 543

internal vertebral venous plexus is found in which space

Answer 543

Epi dural space

Question 544

Which meninges convert to epineurium

Answer 544

Dura

Question 545

What is lumbar cistern.

Answer 545

Distal to the conus medullaris, the subarachnoid space expands, space accessed during a lumbar puncture

Question 546

What is denticulate/dentate Ligament

Answer 546

Between the nerve roots the pia mater thickens as a triangular shaped ligaments that anchor the spinal cord along its length, at each side, to the dura mater.

Question 547

What are Rexeds laminae.

Answer 547

The grey matter of spinal cord is sub divided cytoarchitecturally into VIII lamina

Question 548

Cauda equina runs from across which levels of vertebra

Answer 548

The nerve roots L2-S5 arise from the distal end of the spinal cord, forming a bundle of nerves known as the cauda equina.

Question 549

Ant vs Post Rami

Answer 549

Post rami skin supplies nerve fibres to the synovial joints of the vertebral column, deep muscles of the back, and the overlying skin. Ant Rami supplies the rest

Question 550

What is Lissauer’s tract

Answer 550

pathway formed from the proximal end of small unmyelinated and poorly myelinated fibers in peripheral nerves, which enter at the lateral aspect of the dorsal horn and ascend and descend up to four segments, and terminate in Rexed’s laminae I through to VI (principally I, II, and V) of the ipsilateral dorsal horn.

Question 551

What is artery of Adamkiewicz

Answer 551

the dominant thoracolumbar segmental medullary artery, which supplies the lower spinal cord by reinforcing the anterior spinal artery intercostal or upper lumbar arteries, and supplies the inferior 2/3 of the spinal cord.

Question 552

Segmental spinal arteries are branches of which artery in the Thorax

Answer 552

Posterior intercostal ardri

Question 553

Internal Venus plexus of spinal cord is present in

Answer 553

Epidural space

Question 554

intermediate column and lateral horn of spinal cord contains

Answer 554

neurons that innervate visceral and pelvic organs.

Question 555

Spinal cord grey matter can be functionally classified in three different ways

Answer 555

1) into four main columns; 2) into six different nuclei; or 3) into ten Rexed laminae.

Question 556

Nucleus of spinal cord grey matter

Answer 556

Six different nuclei marginal zone, substantia gelatinosa, nucleus proprius, dorsal nucleus of Clarke, intermediolateral nucleus and the lower motor neuron nuclei.

Question 557

Which spinal cord nuclei relays sensory information from viscera to the brain, and autonomic signals from the brain to the visceral organs.

Answer 557

Interomediolateral nucleus (IMN

Question 558

carpal bones is a sesamoid bone in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 558

Pisiform

Question 559

Which carpel bone has retro grade blood supply

Answer 559

Scaphoid

Question 560

Which carpal bones don't have any tendons attached to

Answer 560

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

Question 561

Wrist joint proximal and distal

Answer 561

P: Radius and articular disk. D: Proximal row of wrists ( Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum except pisiform)

Question 562

Ligaments of Wrist Joint

Answer 562

Palmar radiocarpal Dorsal radio carpal Ulnar collateral Radial collateral

Question 563

Dorsal vs Palmar radiocarpal helps in which movement

Answer 563

D: Pronation P: Supination

Question 564

Dorsal vs Palmar radiocarpal helps in which movement

Answer 564

D: Pronation P: Supination

Question 565

Ulnar vs radial collateral ligament of wrist attachment

Answer 565

U: ulna/ Triquetrum and Pisiform R: radius/ scaphoid and Trapezium

Question 566

Abduction versus adduction atwrist joint

Answer 566

Adduction – Produced by the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris Abduction – Produced by the abductor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis.

Question 567

Anterior Dislocation of the Lunate occurs

Answer 567

Anterior Dislocation of the Lunate

Question 568

Innervation to the wrist is delivered by

Answer 568

Median nerve – Anterior interosseous branch. Radial nerve – Posterior interosseous branch. Ulnar nerve – deep and dorsal branches.

Question 569

anterior and posterior interosseous arteries are branches of

Answer 569

Ulnar artery

Question 570

Superficial and palmar arterial arch sandwiched

Answer 570

Palmar aponeurosis>>superficial palmar arch>>flexor tendons>>deep palmar arch>>metacarpal bones

Question 571

Kaplan's cardinal line.

Answer 571

To locate palmar arches. This line extends from the apex of the interdigital fold between the abducted thumb and index finger toward the hook of hamate on the ulnar side of the hand, parallel with the middle crease of the hand.

Question 572

Deep palmar arch lies in relation with

Answer 572

Ulnar nerve

Question 573

Deep Parmar arch is direct continuation of

Answer 573

Radial artery

Question 574

Deep Parmar arch arises between heads of

Answer 574

Adductor . Pollicis longus

Question 575

Branches of deep palmar arch

Answer 575

Palmar metacarpal arteries, perforating branches, recurrent branches

Question 576

which digit is not supplied by palmer arch

Answer 576

Thumb and lateral aspect of index finger They are directly supplied by radial artery

Question 577

Radial artery enters palnor aspect from dorsal

Answer 577

Between first dorsal interossei

Question 578

How superficial and deep palmar arches anastomose

Answer 578

Common palmar branch of superficial and Palmar metacarpal of deep .

Question 579

Arterial supply of fingers

Answer 579

Ulmer supply MediaI half of index + other 3 fingers Radial supply lateral half of index and Thumb

Question 580

Dorsal anastomosis of radial and ulnar artery

Answer 580

Through dorsal branches to form dorsal arch

Question 581

PaImar and dorsal arteries anastomose in hand through

Answer 581

Perforating branches

Question 582

Superficial palmar artery of radial arises

Answer 582

Just before radial artery curves around 1st metacarpal to dorsal aspect

Question 583

Stylopharyngeus pharyngeal arch

Answer 583

3rd

Question 584

Position of external and internal oblique

Answer 584

External: fibres run inferomedially Internal: fibers run superomedially

Question 585

Attachment of external oblique and internal oblique

Answer 585

External : Originates from ribs 5-12, and inserts into the iliac crest and pubic tubercle. Internal: Originates from the inguinal ligament, iliac crest and lumbodorsal fascia, and inserts into ribs 10-12.

Question 586

Nerve supply of ant abd muscles

Answer 586

Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11) and subcostal nerve (T12).

Question 587

linea semilunaris.

Answer 587

lateral borders of the muscle rectus create a surface

Question 588

Transpyloric plane

Answer 588

halfway between the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis, approximately the level of the L1 vertebrae.

Question 589

Intertubercular plane

Answer 589

horizontal line that runs between the superior aspect of the right and left iliac crests.

Question 590

Superior dental plexus is made of

Answer 590

Ant Middle and Post superior alveolar nerve All are branches of maxillary nerve

Question 591

All smuscles of 1st pharyngeal arch are supplied by

Answer 591

Mandibular nerve

Question 592

Otic ganglion is sandwiched between whichstructures

Answer 592

Mandibular nerve and Ternsor vali paliti muscle

Question 593

Lower part of face is supplied by mandibular nerve except which region

Answer 593

Angle of mandible and auricle Supplied by great auricular nerve

Question 594

which nerve surrounds abducen s nucleus in pons

Answer 594

facial nerve

Question 595

which nerve passes between posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries,

Answer 595

Trochlear

Question 596

Stylohyoid is innervated by the

Answer 596

facial nerve

Question 597

Muscles supplied by Trigeminal nerve

Answer 597

Muscles of mastication Mylohyoid Anterior belly of digastric Tensor tympani Tensor palati

Question 598

general sensation to the posterior third of the tongue?

Answer 598

Glosso Pharyngeal

Question 599

stylopharyngeaus muscle nerve supply

Answer 599

Glossopharyngeal

Question 600

The sensory function of which nerve is tested using the gag reflex.

Answer 600

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 601

which branches of facial nerve arise in facial canal

Answer 601

3 branches: 1. greater petrosal nerve 2. nerve to stapedius 3. chorda tympani

Question 602

which branch of facial nerve arise inStylomastoid foramen

Answer 602

Posterior auricular nerve and branch to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscle

Question 603

The facial nerve is associated with the derivatives of which pharyngeal arch:

Answer 603

the second

Question 604

sup vs inf salivatory nucleus nerves arising

Answer 604

Sup: Sensory part of facial nerve Inf: Glossopharyngeal

Question 605

Nucleus of Facial Nerves

Answer 605

1. Facial motor nucleus> Muscular branch 2. Sup salivatory Nucleus> Glandular branch 3. Nucleus of Solitary tract: carry taste sensation 4. Spinal trigeminal nucleus> Carry sensation from outer ear

Question 606

Supply of Facial Nerve

Answer 606

Supply - 'face, ear, taste, tear' Face: muscles of facial expression Ear: nerve to stapedius Taste: supplies anterior two-thirds of tongue Tear: parasympathetic fibres to lacrimal glands, also salivary

Question 607

Nerve to platysma

Answer 607

Cervical branch of facial

Question 608

2 nerve roots of facial nerve

Answer 608

1. Motor root 2. Intermediate Nerve carries sympathetic and sensory fibres.

Question 609

Facial nerve takes how mant 90° turn

Answer 609

3turns 1. In temporal bone at geniculate ganglion ( where the two roots combine) 2.

Question 610

Glandular supply to submandibular and sublingual glands nerve

Answer 610

Chorda tympani nerve of facial nerve

Question 611

Parasympathetic of facial nerve

Answer 611

Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Nasal, palatine and pharyngeal mucous glands. Lacrimal glands.

Question 612

Nerves in internal acoustic meatus,

Answer 612

VII and VIII

Question 613

Gag reflex

Answer 613

Glossopharyngeal

Question 614

hyperacusis nerve damage

Answer 614

Two nerves Facial supplies to stapedius Trigeminal supplies to tensor tympani muscle

Question 615

Branches of Mandibular nerve V3

Answer 615

Auriculotemporal nerve Lingual Inferior alveolar Nerve to the mylohyoid Mental

Question 616

Most superficial structure on the parotid gland =

Answer 616

facial nerve

Question 617

Structures passing through parotid

Answer 617

Facial nerve External carotid artery Retromandibular vein Auriculotemporal nerve

Question 618

Sensory nerve supply of parotid

Answer 618

Auriculotemporal(gland) and greaterauricular nerve(fascia).

Question 619

Artery of parotid

Answer 619

posterior auricular and superficial temporal arteries

Question 620

ECA giveseise to which artery in parotid

Answer 620

posterior auricular artery

Question 621

Medial branch if External carotid artery

Answer 621

Ascending pharyngeal

Question 622

Which structure lies posterolaterally to the external carotid artery at it's origin from the common carotid.

Answer 622

The internal carotid artery

Question 623

Structure which can be damaged sec to tonsillectomy

Answer 623

External palatine vein

Question 624

SCALP contents

Answer 624

Skin, Dense Connective Tissue, Epicranial Aponeurosis, Loose Areolar Connective Tissue and Periosteum.

Question 625

Emissary veins are present in which layer of scalp

Answer 625

Loose areolar Connective tissue

Question 626

danger area” of the scalp

Answer 626

loose connective tissue layer

Question 627

Venous drainage of scalp

Answer 627

Superficial follows artery Deep through pterygoid venous plexus. This is a large plexus of veins situated between the temporalis and lateral pterygoid muscles,and drains into the maxillary vein.

Question 628

Sudden collapse and loss of consciousness  Which brain issue

Answer 628

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 629

Intraventricular haemorrhage is Present in

Answer 629

neonates spontaneously

Question 630

Intraventricular haemorrhage in neonates occur

Answer 630

first 72 hours after birth

Question 631

Arterial supply of scalp

Answer 631

Post auricular Superficial temporal Occipital

Question 632

External Jugular Vein is formed by

Answer 632

Postauricular vein Post branch of retro mandibular vein

Question 633

Posterior auricular vein drains

Answer 633

the area of scalp superior and posterior to the outer ear.

Question 634

Ant vs post branch of retromandibular vein

Answer 634

Ant combines with facial vein>>common facial vein>>IJV Post combines with post auricular vein >> EJV

Question 635

At base of skull what lies between IJV and Internal carotid Rtery

Answer 635

Last 4 cranial nerves

Question 636

Tributaries of IJV

Answer 636

Inferior petrosal sinus, vein of cochlear duct, meningeal veins, pharyngeal venous plexus, lingual vein, common facial vein, sternocleidomastoid vein, superior and middle

Question 637

Which structure lies at midpoint of IJV

Answer 637

Ansa cervicalis

Question 638

Below the transverse process of the atlas IJV is crossed on its lateral side by the

Answer 638

accessory nerve

Question 639

Middle cervical sympathetic ganglion, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and parathyroid glands are all closely related with which blood vessel?

Answer 639

inferior thyroid artery branches from thyrocervical trunk to supply posterior side of thyroid gland and parathyroid glands

Question 640

Which of the following nerves are responsible for relaying information to/from the carotid sinus?

Answer 640

vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves are both involved in the relaying of information from the carotid sinus. If the question was asking what nerve carries the sensory information from the pressure receptors the answer would have been the glossopharyngeal alone

Question 641

The muscular (omotracheal) triangle contains

Answer 641

the infrahyoid muscles , thyroid gland and parathyroid glands.

Question 642

Muscle innervated by the spinal accessory nerve

Answer 642

Both the trapezius and the SCM are

Question 643

Stylohyoid attaches to which part if hyoid

Answer 643

Lesser horn

Question 644

Which muscle form floor of mouth

Answer 644

Mylohyoid

Question 645

posterolateral gluteal skin in the pubic region sensory supply

Answer 645

Iliohypogastric

Question 646

Cutaneous innervation over femoral triangle/upper anterior thigh

Answer 646

Femoral branch of genitofemoral

Question 647

Cremasteric muscle innervatiom

Answer 647

Genital branch of genitofemoral

Question 648

Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric muscular supply

Answer 648

Transverse abdominis Internal oblique

Question 649

Femoral nerve gives rise to which branches before inguinal ligament

Answer 649

Nerve to iliacus Nerve to pectineus

Question 650

sartorius Nervesupply

Answer 650

Sartorius is supplied by the anterior (superficial) branch of the femoral nerve. Most of the branches of the superficial femoral nerve are cutaneous. However, it does also supply sartorius.

Question 651

classical description of a femoral nerve injury

Answer 651

weak hip flexion, weak knee extension, and impaired quadriceps tendon reflex, as well as sensory deficit in the anteromedial aspect of the thigh.

Question 652

Nerve supply of lateral hip rotators

Answer 652

- Piriformis: ventral rami S1, S2 Obturator internus: nerve to obturator internus Superior gemellus: nerve to obturator internus Inferior gemellus: nerve to quadratus femoris Quadrator femoris: nerve to quadrator femoris

Question 653

patients may develop impotence following rectal cancer surgery due to damageto

Answer 653

Nervi erigentes

Question 654

All muscles of ant compartment ofthigh are innervated by Femoral except

Answer 654

psoas major L1-L3

Question 655

The only muscle of the quadriceps to cross both the hip and knee joints. It flexes the thigh at the hip joint, and extends at the knee joint.

Answer 655

Rectus Femoris

Question 656

which muscle of ant compartment is supplied by both formoral and obturator

Answer 656

Pectinus

Question 657

Muscles which are attached to linea aspera and supracondylar Line of femur

Answer 657

Biceps femoris short head origin on lateral side Adductor magnus medialside

Question 658

The subsartorial plexus is formed by

Answer 658

: the medial cutaneous nerve of the thigh (a branch of the femoral nerve). the saphenous nerve (a branch from femoral nerve). the cutaneous branch of anterior division of the obturator nerve.

Question 659

Pfannenstiel incision. Nerve damage

Answer 659

Ilio inguinal nerve

Question 660

In leg tibial nerve lies on postsurface of which muscle

Answer 660

Tibialis posterior

Question 661

which part of subclavicular artery can be palpated in neck and where

Answer 661

3rd part of subclavialar artery im, omoclavicular triangle

Question 662

Branches of Thyrocervical Trunk

Answer 662

1 Inferior Thyroid artery 2 Transverse cervical 3 Suprascapular artery

Question 663

Branches of Costocervical Trunk

Answer 663

Superior Intercoastal Deep Cervical

Question 664

Contents of cubital fossa from medial to lateral

Answer 664

Median Nerve > Brachial artery > Biceps Brachi tendon > Sup Branch of radial nerve

Question 665

which artery isbehind lateral third part of clavicle

Answer 665

Thoracoacromial

Question 666

Branches in acromial plexus

Answer 666

1.suprascapular artery, 2 deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery 3 posterior circumflex humeral arteries. 4. acromial branch of the thoracoacromial artery

Question 667

Clavincular branch of of Thoraco acromial artery supplies

Answer 667

sternoclavicular joint Subclavius

Question 668

Attachment muscles of supra and infraglenoid tubercle

Answer 668

Supra: long head of biceps Infra: long head of triceps

Question 669

Location of subacromial bursa

Answer 669

Subacromial – located deep to the deltoid and acromion, and superficial to the supraspinatus tendon and joint capsule.

Question 670

Stensen's duct tract

Answer 670

It passes over Masseter and then pierces buccinator

Question 671

Function of gluteus mini and medius apart from extension

Answer 671

Abduction and medial rotation

Question 672

Tibial nerve in popliteal fossa in relation to vessels

Answer 672

Medial>posterior >lateral

Question 673

Sural Nerve facts

Answer 673

Origin Medial sural cutaneous nerve, lateral sural cutaneous nerve Branches Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot, lateral calcaneal branches of sural nerve Supply Posterolateral aspect of the distal third of the leg, ankle, foot and heel

Question 674

Origin of superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Answer 674

The inferior gluteal artery arises from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery The superior gluteal artery arises from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery

Question 675

Relation of obturator artery with nerve and vein in pelvis

Answer 675

superior to the obturator vein and inferior to the obturator nerve.

Question 676

Branches of obturator artery

Answer 676

Pelvic: Iliac, Vesical and pubic branch Extrapelvic: anterior, posterior and acetabular.

Question 677

Which branches of obturator and femoral arteries combine

Answer 677

Ant of obt and Post of Femoral

Question 678

Remnant of Urachus

Answer 678

Median umbilical ligament

Question 679

Artery to vas defrens and cremaster muscle Arises from

Answer 679

Artery of vas deferens Arises from inferior vesical artery Cremasteric artery Arises from inferior epigastric artery

Question 680

Location of testes during intrauterine life

Answer 680

At 3 months in iliac fossa At 7 months in deep inguinal ring level

Question 681

Remnant of gubernaculum in females

Answer 681

Round ligament Ovarian ligament

Question 682

Supination of forearm is done by

Answer 682

Biceps brachi

Question 683

Biceps vs tricep tendon reflex test shows which level

Answer 683

C6 for B C7 for R

Question 684

What is medial bicipital groove of arm

Answer 684

The space between the medial head of the triceps and the biceps brachii forms the medial bicipital groove, which provides a passageway for the brachial artery and median and ulnar nerves.

Question 685

Which muscles attach on intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Answer 685

latissimus dorsi attaching between teres major on the medial lip and pectoralis major laterally. mnemonic “a lady between two majors

Question 686

Cephalic vein is in relation of which nerve

Answer 686

Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

Question 687

Lateral malleolus posterior relation

Answer 687

Structures posterior to the lateral malleolus and superficial to superior peroneal retinaculum Sural nerve Short saphenous vein Structures posterior to the lateral malleolus and deep to superior peroneal retinaculum Peroneus longus tendon Peroneus brevis tendon

Question 688

Middle of fibula structure Risk of damage in fibulectomy

Answer 688

Peroneal artery

Question 689

Tributaries of great saphenous

Answer 689

Medial marginal Superficial epigastric Superficial iliac circumflex Superficial external pudendal veins

Question 690

Ureter Relation Ovarian artery Uterine artery/ vas deferens Common iliac and pelvic entry

Answer 690

Post to Ovarian at pelvic brim Post to Uterine 2cm superior to the ischial spine Ant to common iliac at their bufucation at sacro iliac joint it enter pelvis

Question 691

Blood supply of ureter

Answer 691

Abdominal – renal artery, testicular/ovarian artery, and ureteral branches directly from the abdominal aorta Pelvic – superior and inferior vesical arteries.

Question 692

Eyelids and conjunctiva sensory supply

Answer 692

Opthalmic nerve

Question 693

Upper eyelid vs lower eyelid sensory supply

Answer 693

Upper by opthalmic Lower by maxillary

Question 694

Skull Sinuses sensory supply

Answer 694

maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses by Maxillary nerve Frontal by opthalmic

Question 695

Tonsillar fossa nerve supply

Answer 695

Glossopharyngeal nerve mainly Some from lesser palatine nerve

Question 696

Which nerve is responsiblefor otalgia post tonsillectomy

Answer 696

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 697

Lymph nodes of tonsils

Answer 697

jugulodigastric node and the deep cervical nodes

Question 698

Tonsillar artery is a branch of

Answer 698

Facial artery

Question 699

Which structure is most likely to produce hemorrhage during tonsillectomy

Answer 699

The external palatine vein

Question 700

Waldeyer’s ring

Answer 700

Ring arrangement formed by 4 tonsil groups

Question 701

Which tonsil is called an adenoid

Answer 701

Pharyngeal

Question 702

Waldeyer ring border

Answer 702

Superior: Pharyngeal Tonsil Inferior: Lingual Tonsil Lateral: Tubal and Palatine Tonsils

Question 703

Histo of 4 tonsils

Answer 703

Lingual and Palatine: stratified non-keratinised squamous epithelium. Pharyngeal and Tubal:ciliated pseudostratified epithelium.

Question 704

Palatine tonsils and tonsillar fossa pharyngeal origin

Answer 704

2nd pouch

Question 705

Palatine tonsils are located between

Answer 705

located between the palatoglossal arch anteriorly and the palatopharyngeal arch posteriorly

Question 706

Vasomotor and sudomotor Vs Pupillomotor fibers runs over

Answer 706

V and S runs over external carotid artery P runs over Internal carotid They separate at common carotid bifurcation level

Question 707

Few features of C3 and C4 level

Answer 707

superior cervical ganglion at the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery (C3-C4).

Question 708

External anal sphincter in relation with which pelvic floor

Answer 708

Puborectalis

Question 709

What is anorectal ring

Answer 709

At the junction of the rectum and the anal canal, there is a muscular ring – known as the anorectal ring. It is formed by the fusion of the internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle, and is palpable on digital rectal examination.

Question 710

Anal canal arise Above the pectinate line – Below the pectinate line –

Answer 710

derived from the embryonic hindgut. derived from the ectoderm of the proctodeum.

Question 711

Atrial stretch receptors are located

Answer 711

Located in atria at junction between pulmonary veins and vena cava.

Question 712

Mnemonic for the nerves passing through the supraorbital fissure:

Answer 712

Live Frankly To See Absolutely No Insult Lacrimal Frontal Trochlear Superior Division of Oculomotor Abducens Nasociliary Inferior Division of Oculomotor nerve

Question 713

Right crus of diaphragm forms which opening

Answer 713

Oesophageal

Question 714

Ureter runs ant to which muscle

Answer 714

Psoas major

Question 715

Adduction vs abduction of vocal fold

Answer 715

Adduction by Lateral cricoarytenoid Abduction by posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 716

Vocal cord tense vs relax by which muscles

Answer 716

Tense by Cricoarytenoid Relax by Thyroarytenoid

Question 717

Span of trachea and larynx

Answer 717

Trachea: C6 to T4 Larynx: C3 to C6

Question 718

Verterbral artery traverses

Answer 718

Transverse process of vertebrae Not INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

Question 719

most often permanently damaged during a superficial parotidectomy?

Answer 719

Greater auricular nerve FACIAL ISN'T PERMANENTLY DAMAGED

Question 720

Cancer vs BPH zone of prostate

Answer 720

Cancer: peripheral. BPH : Transitional

Question 721

Area of prostate felt against DRE

Answer 721

Peripheral

Question 722

Which zone of prostate which covers Ejaculatory duct vs urethr

Answer 722

ED: central Urethra : Transitional

Question 723

Internal iliac artery bifurcation above

Answer 723

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 724

Branches of qnt and post brqnch of int iliac arteries.

Answer 724

Branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac Lateral sacral, superior gluteal, iliolumbar artery. Branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery Obturator artery, internal pudendal artery, inferior gluteal, inferior vesical artery, artery the ductus deferens, middle rectal, vaginal artery, uterine artery

Question 725

Ulnar artery lies in distal 2/3 forearm between

Answer 725

From lateral to medial Flexor digitorum superficialis>>ulnar artery>>>ulnar nerve

Question 726

Ulnar artery relation to median and ulnar nerve

Answer 726

It is medial to median in upperforearm Lateral to ulnar in distal forarm

Question 727

Division of which structure give passage to 1. lesser sac 2. Coeliac axis

Answer 727

1. Greater omentum 2. Lesser omentum

Question 728

Ligaments on clavicle attacheson

Answer 728

Inferior surface Medial : costoclavicular ligament Lateral: Trapezoid line and conoid line for coracoacromiql ligament Middle : subclavius muscle Sternocleidomastoid attaches on the middle aspect of superior surface Sternohyoid on posterior surface

Question 729

Wh9ch structure relaxes to accumulate and temporarily store faeces until defecation occurs.

Answer 729

The final segment of the rectum, the ampulla,

Question 730

Extra peritoneal rectum

Answer 730

Posterior upper third Posterior and lateral middle third Whole lower third

Question 731

Wh8ch muscle form anorectal flexure

Answer 731

Puborectalis

Question 732

Anterior relation of rectum in males and females

Answer 732

Anteriorly (Males) : Rectovesical pouch Bladder Prostate Seminal vesicles Anteriorly (Females): Recto-uterine pouch (Douglas) Cervix Vaginal wall

Question 733

Which part of the duodenum is associated with IVC

Answer 733

1st and 3rd part ant to IVC

Question 734

Ant relation of IVC

Answer 734

Liver Epiploic foramen 1st duod Head of Pancreas 3rd duod Right gonadal artery R common iliac

Question 735

Which structure lies 3cm below the 12th rib in the mid scapular line of left side

Answer 735

Left kidney

Question 736

Which part of the duodenum is at transpyloric plane

Answer 736

2nd

Question 737

Subcostal plane, Intertubercular plane Level

Answer 737

Lowest margin of 10th costal cartilage Level of body L5

Question 738

Pronator teres vs palmaris nerve supply

Answer 738

Pro by Median Pal by ulnar

Question 739

The lateral meniscus is crossed by which muscle tendon

Answer 739

The lateral meniscus is crossed by the popliteus tendon

Question 740

Posterior cruciate ligament is separated from the popliteal vessels at its origin by

Answer 740

the oblique popliteal ligament

Question 741

When sigmoid colon starts

Answer 741

At a level of L3-4 (variable) the left colon becomes the sigmoid colon and wholly intraperitoneal once again

Question 742

Aorta relation with duodenum

Answer 742

Aorta is Post to 3rd part of duodenum Lateral to 4th part of duodenum and duodenojejunal flexure

Question 743

Layers of Periosteum

Answer 743

outer 'fibrous layer' and inner 'cambium layer' (or 'osteogenic layer'). 

Question 744

What are Sharpey's fibres

Answer 744

Periosteum is attached to bone by strong collagenous fibers called

Question 745

Which tendon helps in identification of dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 745

The extensor hallucis longus tendon lies medial to the dorsalis pedis artery

Question 746

Collat3ral venous pathway of SVC

Answer 746

Azygos venous system Internal mammary venous pathway Long thoracic venous system with connections to the femoral and vertebral veins (2 pathways)

Question 747

Gantzer muscle is an aberrant accessory muscle Which nerve involvement

Answer 747

Anterior interosseous nerve Branch of median nerve

Question 748

loss of pincer grip and normal sensation indicates which nerve lesion

Answer 748

an anterior interosseous

Question 749

Lingual nerve is related to which teeth

Answer 749

lingual nerve is closely related to the third molar

Question 750

Lymph NODES of Vagina

Answer 750

The lymph vessels from the superior aspect of the vagina join the internal and external iliac nodes, those from the inferior aspect of the vagina drain to the superficial inguinal nodes.

Question 751

which muscle crosses dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 751

Eextensor hallucis brevis Ext digitorum longus

Question 752

Nerve root reflexes

Answer 752

1-2 Ankle (S1-S2) 3-4 Knee (L3-L4) 5-6 Biceps (C5-C6) 7-8 Triceps (C7-C8)