HEAD AND NECK SURGERY

Question 1

commonest tumours of the parotid gland

Answer 1

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 2

Warthins tumours vs Pleomorphic adenomas

Answer 2

Both are present in tail of parotid gland but
W is present in males, multicysted, has lymphoid tissue
PA is in younger females, slow growing, mobile and smooth.

Question 3

Convergence of eyes in primary position
which nerve

Answer 3

Abducens

Question 4

Lateral diplopia towards side of lesion
Which nerve

Answer 4

Abducens

Question 5

Longest intracranial course
damage during SkUll#

Answer 5

Trochlear

Question 6

Foul smelling ear discharge and facial nerve weakness is likely to be due to .

Answer 6

cholesteatoma

Question 7

cholesteatoma causative organism

Answer 7

Pseudomonas

Question 8

most frequent neurological manifestation of sarcoid

Answer 8

Facial nerve palsy

Question 9

Aquired lesions of cholesteatoma usually arise from the

Answer 9

Pars flaccida region of the tympanic membrane

Question 10

main risk factor for developing Bell’s palsy is

Answer 10

concurrent viral infection, such as HSV-1, CMV, and EBV, whilst less common risk factors include diabetes mellitus and pregnancy.

Question 11

Current NICE guidance recommends Rx for bell

Answer 11

Giving 25 mg twice daily for 10 days

Giving 60 mg daily for five days followed by a daily reduction in dose of 10 mg

Question 12

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

Answer 12

•Herpes Zoster oticus
•initially presents with a moderate to severe ear pain
•Within a few days this will develop into a facial palsy, accompanied by ipsilateral vertigo, hyperacusis, and tinnitus.
•Vesicles will be visible during this latter period (Fig. 4), covering the concha, anterior ⅔ tongue, and / or the soft palate.

Question 13

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

Answer 13

•Herpes Zoster oticus
•initially presents with a moderate to severe ear pain
•Within a few days this will develop into a facial palsy, accompanied by ipsilateral vertigo, hyperacusis, and tinnitus.
•Vesicles will be visible during this latter period (Fig. 4), covering the concha, anterior ⅔ tongue, and / or the soft palate.

Question 14

Facial motor nucleus cortical input

Answer 14

Anterior FMN receives only contralateral cortical input
Posterior receives that which is bilateral

Question 15

Intraventricular haemorrhage is common in

Answer 15

Neonates

Question 16

Intraventricular haemorrhage presents in neonates

Answer 16

Within 72 hours of being born

Question 17

Diagnosis of IVH in neonates by

Answer 17

Cranial ultrasound

Question 18

Diffuse axonal injury occurs when

Answer 18

head is rapidly accelerated or decelerated.

Question 19

2 components of diffuse atonal injury

Answer 19

1. Multiple haemorrhages
2. Diffuse axonal damage in the white matter

Question 20

Babinski sign

Answer 20

the normal flexor sign becomes extensor and pyramidal tract lesions can cause UMN signs.

Question 21

Babinski sign is present due to lesion in

Answer 21

Corticospinal tract / pyramidal tract

Question 22

Acute sub dural haematomas will present within

Answer 22

72 hours of the original injury

Question 23

unilateral dilated pupil is a classic sign of t

Answer 23

transtentorial herniation

Question 24

Parotid tumor gender distribution

Answer 24

With the exception of Warthins tumours, they are commoner in women than men

Question 25

Drugs causing parotid enlargement

Answer 25

Thiouracil, isoprenaline, phenylbutazone, high oestrogen dose contraceptive pills.
Not AMIODARONE