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MRCS A(My Own) > Limb > Flashcards

Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Raynard phenomenon. Rx

A

Treatment is with calcium antagonist

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2
Q

Diff b/w embolus and atheromatic occlusions

A

Sudden onset of symptoms; pain, pallor, paresis, pulselessness, paraesthesia

claudication, ulceration and gangrene

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3
Q

Upper limb venous thrombosisarise as a result of

A

arise as a result of repetitive use of the limb in a task such as painting a ceiling

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4
Q

Adsons test

A

Test for Cer vical rib
Lateral flexion of the neck away from symptomatic side and traction of the symptomatic arm- leads to obliteration of radial pulse)

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5
Q

Cervical rib. fibrous band arises from

A

fibrous band that often originates from C7

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6
Q

Simmons Thompson test

A

Used to chk Achilles tendon rupture
Positive when lack of plantar flexion on squeezing the calf

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7
Q

Achilles Tendon rupture at

A

4-6 cm above Calcaneal insertion in the watershed hypovascular area

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8
Q

What rule is usedto get xray in order of foot or anKle injury

A

Ottawa ankle rule

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9
Q

What occurs with Tibialis post tendon rupture

A

valgus deformity due to unopposed eversion

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10
Q

Fibular flap

A

Useful source of long segment of vascularised bone and is used for mandibular reconstruction

Not used in just skin injuries

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11
Q

Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome

A

Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome This is a loss of motor function in FPL,FDP index and pronatorquadratus without sensory loss.

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12
Q

Perthes disease

A

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral epiphysis of the femoral head

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13
Q

Conservative management of perthes disease age

A

<6 years of age

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14
Q

Caterral staging is for what disease

A

Perthes

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15
Q

Articular surface in caterral staging

A

Stage 2 preservation of articular disease
Stage 3 femoral head affected
Stage 4 loss of acetabular integrity

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16
Q

Management of perthes disease

A

keeping the femoral head in the acetabulum by braces, casts or surgery.

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17
Q

Sites from where cancer metastasize to bone/
Secondary Malignant Tumor of bone

A

renal, thyroid, lung, prostate, and breast

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18
Q

Most common siteof bone metastasis

A

Spine

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19
Q

Genetic association of osteosarcoma

A

RB1(familial retinoblastoma)
p53 (Li Fraumeni Syndrome

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20
Q

Genetic association of chordomas during childhood

A

Mutations to TSC1 andTSC2 mutation (tuberous sclerosis)

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21
Q

Paget’s disease is associated with What kind of cancer

A

Osteosarcoma

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22
Q

which benign bone condition can lead to osteosarcoma

A

Paget’s disease and fibrous dysplasia

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23
Q

Feature of pain in bone cancer

A

Not associated with movement
Worse at night

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24
Q

Codman’s triangle” or as a “sunburst pattern in which brain tumor

A

Osteosarcoma

25
Q

Osteosarcoma Features

A

More in males
Bimodal age of onset, either at 10-14 years or in those >65yrs
Epiphysis of long bones (most commonly the distal femur, proximal tibia, and distal radius).

26
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma vs Leiomyosarcoma

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma-striated muscle

Leiomyosarcoma-smooth muscle

27
Q

Most frequently site of charcot

A

Knee or hip joints in Tabes dorsalis
Shoulder or elbow joint In syringomyelia

28
Q

Labs in Paget vs 2ndry bone Ca

A

Paget: only raised ALP
2ndry Tumors: raised ALP, Ca and phosphate

29
Q

Appearance of secondary bone tumors

A

Sclerotic if from prostate
Lytic if from breast

30
Q

Osteoclastoma has a characteristic appearance on x-ray

A

with multiple lytic and lucent areas (Soap bubble) appearances.

31
Q

Which site secondary tumor of bone are most prone to spontaneous fracture

A

peritrochanteric region

32
Q

Tumour Features
Osteoid osteoma

A

Males more
Younger 10 to 25
Worse at night and relieved by NSAIDS
Long bones

33
Q

Histology of
Osteoid osteoma

A

Lesion affects cortex and radiologically consists of a lucent centre surrounded by reactive sclerosis

34
Q

multiple lytic and lucent areas (Soap bubble) appearances

A

Osteoclastoma/ Giant cell tumor

35
Q

Two syndromes are associated with chondromas both of which are characterised by the formation of multiple enchondromas

A

, Ollier’s disease and Maffucci syndrome,

36
Q

Endochondroma vs Ecchondroma

A

En: centre of bone
Ec: surface of bone

37
Q

Ollier’s disease has which type of chondromatosis

A

Multiple Enchondromatosis

38
Q

Pedunculated bone cancer

A

Osteochondroma

39
Q

Features of bone cysts

A

In adolescence
proximal femur and humerus
ovoid radiolucent area with surrounding cortical thinning

40
Q

ovoid radiolucent area with surrounding cortical thinning

A

Bone cysts

41
Q

ES R raised in which bone tumor

A

Ewing
This is asigns ofbad prognosis

42
Q

Treatment of osteosarcoma versus Ewing sarcoma

A

Osteo: Excision
Ewing: excisional surgery and chemotherapy.

43
Q

Which bone tumor occurs in long bones, pelvis and ribs

A

Chondrosarcoma

44
Q

Mirel scoring system is used

A

to stratify the risk of spontaneous fracture for bone metastasis of varying types.

45
Q

Paget Disease of Bone

A
  1. Skull vault expansion and sensorineural hearing loss.
  2. Areas of sclerosis and radiolucency in skull.
  3. Normal Calcium and PTH levels with elevated ALP.
46
Q

Paget disease is actually a problem of

A

Osteoclast which is followed by osteblast

47
Q

Predisposing factors of paget

A

increasing age
male sex
northern latitude
family history

48
Q

Bones affected in paget disease

A

Skull vertebra long bones and pelvis

49
Q

skull x-ray of paget

A

thickened vault, osteoporosis circumscripta

50
Q

Indications for treatment of paget

A

bone pain, skull or long bone deformity, fracture, periarticular Paget’s

51
Q

Which bone tumor is related to paget disease

A

Osteogenic sarcoma

52
Q

Complications of paget disease of bone

A

Pathological fractures
High cardiac output failure
Osterogenic sarcoma
Paraplegia
Compressive symptoms due to skull and enlargement for example
deafness, blindness

53
Q

Boxer vs Bennet #

A

Boxer’s fracture – A fracture of the 5th metacarpal neck usually caused by a clenched fist striking a hard object.
Bennett’s fracture – A fracture of the 1st metacarpal base, caused by forced hyperabduction of the thumb.

54
Q

Which carpal bones form wrist joint

A

Scaphoid and lunate

55
Q

Most common ankle ligament injury

A

Ant talofibukar and calcaneofibular

56
Q

When will callus form

A

3 weeks
Bu fibroblast and chondrblasts

57
Q

Chondromalcia pataeelae key point

A

A teenage girl with knee pain on walking down the stairs is characteristic for chondromalacia patellae (anterior knee pain). Most cases are managed with physiotherapy.

58
Q

Osgood schlatter disease points

A

Pain at tibial tuberosity in young athletes but with no hx of injury

59
Q

Rx of patellar fracture

A

K wiring

MRCS A(My Own) (28 decks)

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