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Path - Histo > Urological Path > Flashcards

Urological Path Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of urinary calculi

A 
Calcium oxalate (75%)
MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (15%)
uric acid (5%)
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2
Q

what is another name for calcium oxalate calculi

A

weddelite

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3
Q

what is another name for MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE calculi

A

Struvite

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4
Q

What can cause. calcium oxalate stones

A

HYPERCALCIURIAA:

  • excess calcium absorption in gut
  • impaired renal excretion of calcium
  • hypercalcaemia eg hyperparathyroidism
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5
Q

what can cause MAP stones

A

Proteus infection (ureaseproducing organisms)

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6
Q

who are uric acid stones likely to form in

A

patients with hyperuricaemia (gout/rapid cell turnover)

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7
Q

what are complications of renal calculi

A

become impacted >ureteric colic
obstruction
infection

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8
Q

What are benign renal neoplasms

A

papillary adenoma
oncocytoma
angiomyolipoma

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9
Q

what is a papillary adenoma made up of

A

papillae and / or tubule

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10
Q

what is the size of a papillary adenoma

A

<15mm

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11
Q

what chromosomal abnormalities is a papillary adenoma associated with

A

Trisomy 7,17

Loss of Y chromosome

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12
Q

what is a renal oncocytoma made up of

A

oncocytic cells

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13
Q

what syndrome is renal oncocytoma associated with

A

Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome

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14
Q

what is an angiolipoma made up of

A

thick walled blood vessels, smooth muscle, fat

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15
Q

what is a malignant epithhelial renal cancewr called

A

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

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16
Q

What is the classical presentation of RCC

A

painless haematuria

17
Q

what are subtypes of RCC

A

clear cell
Papillary
CHromophobe

18
Q

Explain clear cell RCC

A

nests of clear cells in delicate capillary vascular netwoejk

19
Q

what does a clear cell RCC show up as

A

golden-yellow tumour

20
Q

what is the common geneit abnormality for clear cell RCC

A

loss of 3p

21
Q

what is the size and components of a papillary RCC

A

lots of papillae and / or tubules

>15mm in size

22
Q

what does a papillary RCC grossly lok like

A

fragile, friable brown tumour

23
Q

what does a chromophobe RCC look like on microscopy

A

raisin like nucei
sharply defind borders
thick vascular network

24
Q

what are the THREE components of a wilms tumour

A

Blastema (small round blue cells)
Epithelial
Stromal

25
Q

what is the classical presentation of a transitional crell carcinoma (urothelial carcinoma)

A

haematuria

26
Q

what does a non invasive urothelial carcinoma look like on hisotology

A

leaf like growth

27
Q

what is BPH

A

benign enlargement of the prostate as a consequence of hyperplasia

28
Q

how do you manage BPH

A

5alpha reductase inhibitors
alpha blocker
transurethral resection

29
Q

what does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from

A

prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

30
Q

what scoring is used for prostatic adenocarc

A

Gleason

Path - Histo (19 decks)

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