Urological Path Flashcards
What are the three types of urinary calculi
Calcium oxalate (75%) MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE (15%) uric acid (5%)
what is another name for calcium oxalate calculi
weddelite
what is another name for MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE calculi
Struvite
What can cause. calcium oxalate stones
HYPERCALCIURIAA:
- excess calcium absorption in gut
- impaired renal excretion of calcium
- hypercalcaemia eg hyperparathyroidism
what can cause MAP stones
Proteus infection (ureaseproducing organisms)
who are uric acid stones likely to form in
patients with hyperuricaemia (gout/rapid cell turnover)
what are complications of renal calculi
become impacted >ureteric colic
obstruction
infection
What are benign renal neoplasms
papillary adenoma
oncocytoma
angiomyolipoma
what is a papillary adenoma made up of
papillae and / or tubule
what is the size of a papillary adenoma
<15mm
what chromosomal abnormalities is a papillary adenoma associated with
Trisomy 7,17
Loss of Y chromosome
what is a renal oncocytoma made up of
oncocytic cells
what syndrome is renal oncocytoma associated with
Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome
what is an angiolipoma made up of
thick walled blood vessels, smooth muscle, fat
what is a malignant epithhelial renal cancewr called
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
What is the classical presentation of RCC
painless haematuria
what are subtypes of RCC
clear cell
Papillary
CHromophobe
Explain clear cell RCC
nests of clear cells in delicate capillary vascular netwoejk
what does a clear cell RCC show up as
golden-yellow tumour
what is the common geneit abnormality for clear cell RCC
loss of 3p
what is the size and components of a papillary RCC
lots of papillae and / or tubules
>15mm in size
what does a papillary RCC grossly lok like
fragile, friable brown tumour
what does a chromophobe RCC look like on microscopy
raisin like nucei
sharply defind borders
thick vascular network
what are the THREE components of a wilms tumour
Blastema (small round blue cells)
Epithelial
Stromal
what is the classical presentation of a transitional crell carcinoma (urothelial carcinoma)
haematuria
what does a non invasive urothelial carcinoma look like on hisotology
leaf like growth
what is BPH
benign enlargement of the prostate as a consequence of hyperplasia
how do you manage BPH
5alpha reductase inhibitors
alpha blocker
transurethral resection
what does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
what scoring is used for prostatic adenocarc
Gleason
