Renal Flashcards
what is mode of inheritance of PKD
AD or AR
what is presentation of PKD
HTN, flank pain, haematuria
what other risk occurs with PKD
risk of BERRY NEURYSM
what is acute renal failure
RAPID deterioration in renal funvion
what are causes of. AKI
pre renal: failure of perfusion
renal: acute tubular injury, acute glomerulomnephritis, thrombotic micrpoangiopathy
post-renal: obstruction
what is the msot common cause of AKI
acute tubular injury
what can cause tubular injury
ischaemia
toxins
drugs
what is acute glomerulonephritis q
acute inflammaation of the glomeruli
what is the KEY HISTO feature of acute glomerulonephritis
CRESCENTS on microscopu
what are causes of acute glomerulonephritis
immune complex deposition (IgA)
anti-GBM disease (goodpastures)
Pauci-immune
what is another name of goodpastures disease
anti-GBM
what occurs in goodpastures
antibodies against C terminal domain of T4 collages
may clross react wiuth albeolar basement membrane, causing pulmonary haemorrhage
what does immunohisto for goodpastures show
linear deposition of IgG on glomerular basement membrane
what is thrombotic microangiopathy
damaage to endothelium ion glomeruli/arterioles > lead to thrombosis e.g. MAHA, HUS
list causes of nephrotic syndrome
minimal change disease
focal segmental glomerulosclerosdis
membramous glomerulonephritis
what occurs histologically in minimal change disease
loss of podocytes
what occurs histologically in membramous glomerulonephritis
thickening of GBM
what nodules are pathomnemonic of diabetic nephropathy
Kimmelsein-Wilson nodules (stage 3)
what is AA amyloidosis associated with
chronic inflamm condition
What is AL amyloid associated with
Ig light chains, so multiple myeloma
explain clinical presentation of Alport syndrome
X linked dominant
deafness, ocular disease
3 primary causes of nephrotic syndrome
- Minimal change disease
- Membranous glomerulonephritis
- Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis
Who does minimal change disease occur in
children
What is seen on electron microscopy in Minimal change
loss of podocytes
WEhat is seen on microscopy of membranous glomerulonephritis
loss of podocytes, spiky subendothelial deposits
What is seen on microscopy of Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and scarring
hyalinosis
Give two secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome
Diabetes
Amyllidosis
What is seen on histology of nephrotic syndrome with diabetes
Thickened Basement membrane
Kimmelstein wilson nodules aka mesangial matrix
list 5 causes of NEPHRITIC syndorme
- Post strep GN
- IgA nephropathy (Berger Disease)
- Crescentic (rapidly rogressive) GN
- Alport’s (hreditary nephritis)
- Benign familial haematuria (thin basement membrane disease)
Explain Alport syndrome
X linked mutation in T4 collagen
Nephritic syndrome + sensorineural deafness + eye disorder
Explain Benign Familial Haematuria (thin basement membrane disease)
AD mutation for T4 collagen
Causes diffuse thinnning of GBM
Usually asymptomatic
What are the three key causes of asymptomatic haematuria
Thin basememnt membrane diseas e
IgA nephropathy
Alport
How does nephritic syndrome cause HTN
inflammation of glomerular vessels allowing red blood cells to enter the renal tubule; as they enter they are damaged.
The body compensates for inflammation by slowing renal
blood flow
this causes oliguria > water retention >hypertension.
what is the timeline for IgA nephropathy after infection
only 1-4 days post resp/GI infectioN!!
