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Path - Histo > Breast pathology > Flashcards

Breast pathology Flashcards

1
Q

why is mammography offered to patients over 40

A

less glandular tissue, more fat

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2
Q

how do you collect pathological sample for breast cancer

A

fine needle aspiration OR core biopsy

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3
Q

What is duct ectasia

A

inflammation and dilatation of large breast ducts

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4
Q

what shows up in cytology. of duct ectasia

A

Dilated ducts
Periductal inflammation with secretions (inflammatory cells, proteinaceous material ).
Foamy macrophages

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5
Q

WHAT IS ACUTE MASTITIS

A

ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE BREAST

Often presents in lactating women with cracked skin, stasis of milk, painful red breast

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6
Q

what organism causes acute mastitis

A

staphylococci

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7
Q

What is fat necrosis

A

inflammatory reaction to damaged adipose tissue

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8
Q

what can cause fat necrosis

A

trauma
surgery
radiotherapy

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9
Q

how does fat necrosis present

A

breast mass

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10
Q

fat necrosis on cytology

A

fat cells surrounded by macrophages

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11
Q

acute mastitis on cytology

A

lots of neutrophils

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12
Q

What are the three inflammatory breast diseases

A

duct ectasia
acute mastitis
fat necrosis

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13
Q

What are benign breast conditions

A 
fibrocystic disease
fibroadenoma 
phyllodes tumour 
intraductal papilloma 
radial scar
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14
Q

what is fibrocystic disease

A

normal but exaggerated response to hormonal influence

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15
Q

what is presentation of fibrocystic disease

A

breast lumpiness and change with period

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16
Q

what is histology of fibrocystic disease

A

dilated and calcified ducts

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17
Q

what is a fibroadenoma

A

benign neoplasm of breast

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18
Q

what is presentation of fibroadenoma

A

circumcised, mobile breast lump (BREAST MOUSE) in young women

19
Q

What is fibroadenoma histology

A

branching structure

glandular + stromal cells, compressed slit like ducts

20
Q

what is a philloides tumour

A

potentially aggressive fibroepithelial neoplasm

21
Q

what age group does philloides tumour present

A

elderly >50

22
Q

what is phyllodes tumour histology

A

overlapping cells, LEAF LIKE

23
Q

what is an intraductal papilloma

A

benign papillary tumour

arises within the duct system of the breast

24
Q

what does a central papilloma present as

A

nipple disscharge

25
Q

what does a peripheral papilloma present with

A

clinically silent

26
Q

How do you treat papilloma q

A

excision

27
Q

what does histology show for papilloma

A

finger like papillary lesion
Fibrovascular core to nourish the papilloma
clustered cells

28
Q

what does a radial scar look like on histology

A

stellate

29
Q

describe histology of ductal carcinoma in situ

A

cribriform
calcification (detected on mammogram)
atypical epithelial cells

30
Q

what is histology of high grade ductal carcinoma

A

large cells
pleomorphic, occlude duct
treat with surgical excision

31
Q

what is an invasive breast carcinoma

A

malignant epithelial tumour which infiltrates the breast

spreads to distant site

32
Q

what does low grade invasive breast carcinoma derive from

A

low grade DCIS / in situ lobular neoplasia

33
Q

what does low grade invasive breast carcinoma show on chromosome

A

16q loss

34
Q

what does high grade invasive breast carcinoma derive from

A

from high grade DCIS

35
Q

explain cytology of invasive DUCTAL carcinoma

A

pleomorphic, large nuclei

36
Q

what is cytology of invasive LOBULAR carcinoma

A

linear arrangement - INDIAN FILE

MONOMORPHIC

37
Q

what are invasive breast cancers assessed for

A

oestrogen receptor
progesterone receptor
Her2 receptor

38
Q

what is the most important prognostic factor for breast cancer

A

v axillary lymph nodes

39
Q

What is cytology of invasive tubular carcinoma

A

elongated tubules of cancer cells

40
Q

what is cytology of invasive mucinous carcinoma

A

lots of empty spaces containing mucin

41
Q

What is a low grade phenotype of breast cancer (in terms of receptors)

A

ER/PR +

Her2 -

42
Q

What is a high grade phenotype of breast cancer (in terms of receptors)

A

ER/PR-

HEr2+

43
Q

What is a basal like carcinoma in terms of receptors

A

ER, PR, Her2 NEGATIVE

44
Q

How can you tell apart ductal from lobular in situ carcinoma

A

Ductal:

  • unilateral, unifocal
  • on mammogram: microcalcification with central necrosis.
  • pleomorphic nuclei

Lobular:

  • pre-menopausal women
  • bilateral and multifocal.
  • No calcification occurs > no detection on mammogram.
  • Histologically no necrosis and uniform nuclei are present.

Path - Histo (19 decks)

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