Fundamentals Flashcards
What cell type is associated with ACUTE inflammation
Neurophils
What cell type is associated with CHRONIC inflammation
Lymphocytes / macrophages
What do neutrophils look like
multi lobed nuclei with granules
What do lymphocytes look like
large nucleus, small cytoplasm
what are oesinophils associated with
allergy
parasitic infection
tumour e.g. Hodgkin , as a reaction to the neoplastic process
Describe the appearance of eosinophilic oesophagitis
FELINE oesophagus - with horizontal striae
occurs with food allergy
What are mast cells associated with
inflammatory reaction
e.g. urticaria
What are macrophages associates with
late acute inflammation
or
chronic inflammation
What is a granuloma made up of
Ball (ORGANISED COLLECTION) OF ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES and lymphocytes
WHAT do macrophages become in chronic inflammatory conditions
secretory
what are causes of granuloma
TB Leprosy Cat scratch fever Fungal Sarcoidosis
what are the three types of carcinoma (cancer of epithelial cell)
Squamous cell
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
What are sites of origin os SCC
SKin oesophagus anus cervix vagina
What are sites of origin of adenocarcinoma
lung breaset stomach colon pancreas
What stain is good for melanin (aka melanocyte histology
fontana stain
what are the two types of stain you can use
histochemical - based on chemical reaction between stain and tissue
Immunohistochemical - involves using antibodies
What stain is good to show iron overload
Prussian blue
What stain is good for amyloid
Congo red
What does Congo red show for amyloid
Under polarised light - apple green biorefringence
What is a good marker for an epithelial tumour
Cytokeratin Antibody
because cytokeratin is present in ALL epithelial cells (in intermediate filament)
What is a good lymphoid marker in immunohistochem
CD45
What does the nucleus of a cell with HSV look like
Contains multiple nuclei
What do oesinophils look like
biolobed nuclei
red granules
what do mast cells look like
very large, heavily granular
WHat type of inflammation is a granuloma?
chronic inflammation
What is standard histology of an SCC
Keratin production
IC bridges
What is standard histology of an adenocarcinoma
mucin production + glands
What is standard histology of a sarcoma
arises from mesenchymal cells
give 3 names of histochemical stains and what they are used for
H&E: everyday
Prussian blue: iron
Congo red: amyloid
give two examples of immunohistochemistry and what they are used for
Cytokeratin: epithelial cells
CD45: lymphoma
