Urological

Question 1

Along what surface does the abdominal portion of the ureters run?

Answer 1

Psoas major

Question 2

At which points does the ureter narrow?

Answer 2

1. Pelviureteric junction
2. The pelvic brim
3. Ureterifc orifice (narrowest)

Question 3

What is the the medial umbilical ligament?

Answer 3

Connects the umbilicus to the apex of the bladder

Of no significance, an embryologic remnant

Question 4

What is the trigone?

Answer 4

Area in the bladde with smooth walls rather than ruggae

Contains the orifices of the two ureters and urethra

Question 5

Which nerve innervates the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 5

Pudendal (S2-4)

(somatic; voluntary control)

Question 6

What is the action of the sympathetic nervous system on the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 6

Relaxes the detrusor → urine retention

Question 7

What is the action of the parasympathetic nervous system on the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 7

Contraction of the detrusor → micturition