Cardiothoracic Flashcards
Which muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve?
Latissimus dorsi
What are the superficial muscles of the back?
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboid minor and major
What are the three actions of the trapezius on the scapula?
- Elevates
- Retracts
- Rotates
What are the three actions of the latissimus dorsi on the humerus?
- Extension
- Adduction
- Medial/internal rotation
What is the function of the levator scapulae?
Elevation of the scapula
What are the two actions of the rhomboids?
- Retraction of the scapula
- Rotation of the scapula
What is the innervation of the rhomboids?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?
Dorsal scapular nerve
+ C3-C4
What are the 3 muscles of the pectoral region?
- Pectoralis major
- Pectoralis minor
- Serratus anterior
What is the function of the pectoralis major?
Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus
What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis major?
Origin: clavicular and sternal head
Insertion: lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
What is the function of the pectoralis minor?
Stabilisation of the scapula
What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor?
Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process
What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?
Origin: lateral part of ribs 1-8
Insertion: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
Why does tripoding aid breathing?
When the scapula is stabilised, the pectoralis minor elevates the ribs with respiration
What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius?
Origin: skull, nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T12
Insertion: lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
What are the origins and insertions of the latissimus dorsi?
Origin: T6-T12, iliac crest
Insertion: bicipital groove of the humerus
What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae
Origin: transverse processes C1-C4
Insertion: superior medial margin of the scapula
What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboids?
Origin: spinous process C6-T4
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Which part(s) of the heart does the left circumflex artery supply?
Left atrium and ventricle
Which part(s) of the heart does the left anterior descending artery supply?
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
Which part(s) of the heart does the left marginal artery supply?
Left ventricle
Which part(s) of the heart does the right marginal artery supply?
Right ventricle and apex
Which part(s) of the heart does the right coronary artery supply?
Right atrium and ventricle
SA and AV nodes
Which part(s) of the heart does the posterior interventricular artery supply?
Right and left ventricles
Posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum
Which type of ß-adrenoreceptors are present in the lungs/heart?
Heart - 1
Lungs - 2
One heart, two lungs
What are the branches of the ascending aorta?
Right and left coronary arteries
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Left common carotid
- Left subclavian artery
Where does the abdominal aorta span?
T12 - L4
What are the anterior visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?
Coelic, SMA, IMA
What are the lateral visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?
Suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal
All paired
What are the lateral abdominal wall branches of the abdominal aorta?
Inferior phrenic
Four lumbar
All paired
What are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta?
Left and right common iliac arteries
Median sacral artery
Where does the thoracic aorta span?
T4 - T12
The aortic arch to the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm
