Cardiothoracic

Question 1

Which muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve?

Answer 1

Latissimus dorsi

Question 2

What are the superficial muscles of the back?

Answer 2

1. Trapezius
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Levator scapulae
4. Rhomboid minor and major

Question 3

What are the three actions of the trapezius on the scapula?

Answer 3

1. Elevates
2. Retracts
3. Rotates

Question 4

What are the three actions of the latissimus dorsi on the humerus?

Answer 4

1. Extension
2. Adduction
3. Medial/internal rotation

Question 5

What is the function of the levator scapulae?

Answer 5

Elevation of the scapula

Question 6

What are the two actions of the rhomboids?

Answer 6

1. Retraction of the scapula
2. Rotation of the scapula

Question 7

What is the innervation of the rhomboids?

Answer 7

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 8

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?

Answer 8

Dorsal scapular nerve

+ C3-C4

Question 9

What are the 3 muscles of the pectoral region?

Answer 9

1. Pectoralis major
2. Pectoralis minor
3. Serratus anterior

Question 10

What is the function of the pectoralis major?

Answer 10

Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus

Question 11

What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis major?

Answer 11

Origin: clavicular and sternal head

Insertion: lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

Question 12

What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 12

Stabilisation of the scapula

Question 13

What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 13

Origin: ribs 3-5

Insertion: coracoid process

Question 14

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

Answer 14

Origin: lateral part of ribs 1-8

Insertion: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

Question 15

Why does tripoding aid breathing?

Answer 15

When the scapula is stabilised, the pectoralis minor elevates the ribs with respiration

Question 16

What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius?

Answer 16

Origin: skull, nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T12

Insertion: lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Question 17

What are the origins and insertions of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 17

Origin: T6-T12, iliac crest

Insertion: bicipital groove of the humerus

Question 18

What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae

Answer 18

Origin: transverse processes C1-C4

Insertion: superior medial margin of the scapula

Question 19

What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboids?

Answer 19

Origin: spinous process C6-T4

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Question 20

Which part(s) of the heart does the left circumflex artery supply?

Answer 20

Left atrium and ventricle

Question 21

Which part(s) of the heart does the left anterior descending artery supply?

Answer 21

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

Anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum

Question 22

Which part(s) of the heart does the left marginal artery supply?

Answer 22

Left ventricle

Question 23

Which part(s) of the heart does the right marginal artery supply?

Answer 23

Right ventricle and apex

Question 24

Which part(s) of the heart does the right coronary artery supply?

Answer 24

Right atrium and ventricle

SA and AV nodes

Question 25

Which part(s) of the heart does the posterior interventricular artery supply?

Answer 25

Right and left ventricles Posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum

Question 26

Which type of ß-adrenoreceptors are present in the lungs/heart?

Answer 26

Heart - 1 Lungs - 2 *One heart, two lungs*

Question 27

What are the branches of the ascending aorta?

Answer 27

Right and left coronary arteries

Question 28

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

Answer 28

1. Brachiocephalic trunk 2. Left common carotid 3. Left subclavian artery

Question 30

Where does the abdominal aorta span?

Answer 30

T12 - L4

Question 31

What are the anterior visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 31

Coelic, SMA, IMA

Question 32

What are the lateral visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 32

Suprarenal Renal Gonadal *All paired*

Question 33

What are the lateral abdominal wall branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 33

Inferior phrenic Four lumbar *All paired*

Question 34

What are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 34

Left and right common iliac arteries Median sacral artery

Question 36

Where does the thoracic aorta span?

Answer 36

T4 - T12 The aortic arch to the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm