Hip and pelvis

Question 1

Answer 1

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 2

Answer 2

Ligament of head of femur

Question 3

Answer 3

Pubofemoral ligament

Question 4

Answer 4

Transverse acetabular ligament

Question 5

Answer 5

Deep femoral artery

Question 6

Answer 6

Femoral artery

Question 7

Answer 7

Femoral nerve

Question 8

Answer 8

Femoral vein

Question 9

Answer 9

Inferior cluneal nerves

Question 10

Answer 10

Inferior gluteal nerve

Innervates the gluteus maximus

Question 11

Answer 11

Lateral femoral circumflex artery

Question 12

Answer 12

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 13

Answer 13

Medial femoral circumflex artery

Question 14

Answer 14

Saphenous nerve

Sensory only

Question 15

Answer 15

Sciatic nerve

Question 16

Answer 16

Superior cluneal nerves

Question 17

Answer 17

Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus medius, minimis, TFL

Question 18

Answer 18

Gracilis

Question 19

Answer 19

Psoas minor

Question 20

Answer 20

Semimembranosus

Question 21

Answer 21

Semitendinosus

Question 22

Answer 22

Biceps femoris

Question 23

Answer 23

Sartorius muscle

Question 24

Answer 24

Quadriceps femoris

Question 25

Answer 25

Vastus intermedius

Question 26

Answer 26

Vastus medialis

Question 27

Answer 27

Vastus lateralis

Question 28

Answer 28

Rectus femoris

Question 29

Answer 29

Pectineus

Question 30

Answer 30

Adductor minimus muscle

Question 31

Answer 31

Adductor brevis muscle

Question 32

Answer 32

Adductor longus muscle

Question 33

Answer 33

Adductor magnus

Question 34

Answer 34

Iliopsoas muscle

Question 35

Answer 35

Piriformis

Question 36

Answer 36

Quadratus femoris

Question 37

Answer 37

Obturator externus

Question 38

Answer 38

Obturator internus

Question 39

Answer 39

Inferior gemellus

Question 40

Answer 40

Superior gemellus

Question 41

Answer 41

Tensor fasciae latae

Question 42

Answer 42

Gluteus minimus

Question 43

Answer 43

Gluteus medius

Question 44

Answer 44

Gluteus maximus

Question 45

Answer 45

Psoas major

Question 46

Answer 46

Iliacus

Question 47

What are the three major ligaments which provide stability to the hip joint?

Answer 47

1. Iliofemoral
2. Pubofemoral
3. Ischifemoral

Question 48

Which nerve is most commonly affected in dislocation or fracture of the hip?

Answer 48

Sciatic nerve

Question 49

What are the three common types of femoral neck fractures?

Answer 49

1. Subcapital
2. Transcervical
3. Intertrochanteric

Question 50

What is the significance of a Shenton line?

Answer 50

Its absence may suggest congenital dysplasia of the hip or a femoral neck fracture

Question 51

Where is a Shenton line drawn?

Answer 51

Inferior border of the superior pubic ramus (superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur

Question 52

Which 3 muscles abduct the thigh at the hip?

Answer 52

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fasciae latae

Question 53

What is the function of the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 53

Innervation of the thigh abductors

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fasciae latae

Question 54

Which two arteries anastomose at the base of the femoral neck, supplying the femoral head?

Answer 54

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

Question 55

Which artery provides most of the blood supply to the femoral head?

Answer 55

Medial circumflex

Question 56

Which vessel is contained in the ligament of head of femur?

Answer 56

A branch of the obturator artery

Question 57

Which muscles attach to the greater trochanter of the femur?

Answer 57

Hip abductors

• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus

External rotators

• Piriformis
• Gemelli
• Obturators

Question 58

Which muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Answer 58

Iliopsoas (major hip flexor)

Question 59

What is the main movement limited by the extracapsular ligaments of the hip?

Answer 59

Hyperextension

Question 60

Which extracapsular ligament of the hip also prevents abduction?

Answer 60

Pubofemoral

Question 61

Answer 61

Sacrospinous ligament

Question 62

Answer 62

Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 63

What is the blood supply to the femoral neck?

Answer 63

Abdominal aorta → common iliac → external iliac → femoral artery → profunda femoris → medial and lateral circumflex arteries → anastomose at the base of the femoral neck, forming an extracapsular ring → ascending cervical arteries/retinacular arteries

+

Abdominal aorta → common iliac → internal iliac → obturator artery → artery to the head of femur (foveolar artery)

Question 64

What are the hiatuses of the pelvic floor?

Answer 64

Urogenital - anterior; urethra and vagina

Rectal - posterior; anal canal

Question 65

What is the perineal body?

Answer 65

Fibrous node between the urogenital hiatus and the anal canal

Joins the pelvic floor to the perineum

In women it acts as a tear-resistant body between the vagina and external anal sphincter, supporting the posterior part of the vaginal wall from prolapse

Question 66

What are the two major muscles of the pelvic floor?

Answer 66

Levator ani

Coccygeus

Question 67

Which muscles compose the levator ani?

Answer 67

Puborectalis

Pubococcygeus

Iliococcygeus

Question 68

Level 1 of vaginal support:

Structures supported?

Supporting structures?

Organs which prolapse following failure of this level?

Answer 68

Cervix, upper 1/3 of the vagina

Cardinal and uterosacral ligaments

Uterus and/or vaginal apex

Question 69

Level 2 of vaginal support:

Structures supported?

Supporting structures?

Organs which prolapse following failure of this level?

Answer 69

Mid-1/3 of the vagina

Endopelvic fascia

Anterior vaginal wall prolapse (cystocele)

Question 70

Level 3 of vaginal support:

Structures supported?

Supporting structures?

Organs which prolapse following failure of this level?

Answer 70

Lower 1/3 of the vagina

Levator ani, perineal body

Anterior pathology: urethral hypermobility

Posterior pathology: rectocele or perineal descent