Head and neck Flashcards
Which four arteries anastomose in Little’s area?
- Anterior ethmoidal
- Sphenopalatine
- Great palatine
- Superior labial
What is the arterial supply of the scalp?
- External carotid*
- Superficial temporal artery
- Occipital artery
- Posterior auricular artery
- Internal carotid*
- Ophthalmic artery
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Superior - inferior border of the mandible
Laterally - medial border of the sternocleidomastoid
Medially - imaginary sagittal line down midline of body
What are the major structures in the anterior triangle of the neck?
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Cranial nerves VII, IX, X, XI and XII
What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Anterior - posterior border of the SCM
Posterior - anterior border of the trapezius muscle
Inferior - middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Geniohyoid (genio = chin)
Moves the hyoid bone forward and supports opening and lateral movement of the mandible
Longus capitis
Ventral and lateral flexion of the neck
Longus colli
Ventral and lateral flexion of the neck
Platysma
Depression of the lower jaw, bottom lip and corners of the mouth
Tenses and shortens the skin of the neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Omohyoid
Depresses the body of hyoid and larynx
Prevents the jugular vein from collapsing and maintains a low pressure in the vein, increasing blood return
Digastric
Elevates the body of hyoid during swallowing and helps keep the mouth open
Mylohyoid
Elevation of the floor of the mouth, but also assists in jaw opening and chewing movements
Posterior scalene
Elevates the second rib
Middle scalene
Elevates the first rib
Anterior scalene
Elevates the first rib
Stylohoid
Elevates the body of hyoid and larynx
Sternohyoid
Depresses the body of hyoid and laryx
Thyrohyoid and sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid - elevation of the larynx
Sternothyroid- depression of the laryn
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeal muscle
Salpingopharyngeal muscle
What are the four infrahyoid muscles?
- Omohyoid
- Thyrohoid
- Sternothyroid
- Stenohyoid
What are the four suprahyoid muscles?
- Stylohyoid
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
- Digastric muscle
What are the layers of the skull?
S - skin
C - connective tissue)
A - apnoneurosis (galeal)
L - loose connective tissue
P - periosteum
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
Superior: posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Lateral: medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Inferior: superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
Inferior: hyoid bone
Medial: midline of the neck
Lateral: anterior belly of the digastric
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
Superior: body of the mandible
Anterior: anterior belly of the digastric muscle
Posterior: posterior belly of te digastric muscle
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
Superior: hyoid bone
Medial: midline of the neck
Supero-lateral: superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Infero-laterally: inferior portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Which muscle divides the posterior triangle of the neck?
Inferior belly of the omohyoid
Occipital and subclavian triangles
