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Anatomy and Physiology > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 bones form the superior wall of the orbit?

A

Frontal

Sphenoid

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2
Q

Which 3 bones form the inferior wall of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

Palatine

Zygomatic

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3
Q

Which 4 bones form the medial wall of the orbit?

A
  1. Ethmoid
  2. Maxilla
  3. Lacrimal
  4. Sphenoid
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4
Q

Which 2 bones form the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic

Sphenoid

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5
Q

What is this structure?

A

Optic canal

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6
Q

What is this structure?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

Name the three canals

A
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8
Q

Which nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi?

A

Facial

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9
Q

Which two muscles elevate the eyelid?

A
  1. Levator palpebrae superioris
  2. Superior tarsal
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10
Q

What is the innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion

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12
Q

What is the function of the tarsal (Meibomian) glands?

A

Secretion of an oily substance that increases the viscosity of tears and decreases the rate of evaporation of tears from the surface of the eyeball

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13
Q

A chalazion is a blockage of which structure?

A

Tarsal gland/Meibomian gland

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14
Q

A stye is a blockage of which structure?

A

Sebaceous or sweat glands associated with the eyelashes of the orbit

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15
Q

What is the primary lymphatic drainage of the orbit?

A

Parotid nodes

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16
Q

Which artery supplies the retina?

A

Central retinal artery (branch of the ophthalmic artery)

17
Q

Which branches of the retinal artery supply the structures within the eyeball?

A

Long and short posterior ciliary arteries (branches of the ophthalmic artery)

18
Q

What are the two layers of the retina?

A
  1. Neural (innermost - posteriorly and laterally)
  2. Pigmented (outer - continuous with the whole inner surface of the eye)
19
Q

What is the ora serrata?

A

The junction between the ciliary body and the retina

Marks the transition from the optic part of the retina (photosensitive) and the nonvisual part (covers the internal surface of the ciliary body and iris)

20
Q

What is the function of bipolar cells?

A

Transmission of signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells

21
Q

What is the function of retinal ganglion cells?

A

Transmit visual information to the brain in the form of action potentials

22
Q

What is the function of horisontal and amacrine cells?

A

Form laterally direct neural circuits that modify the signals being transmitted along the pathway from photoreceptors to bipolar cells to ganglion cells

23
Q

Which layer of the eyeball is continuous with the dura mater?

A

Sclera

24
Q

Which layer of the eyeball is continuous with the pia and arachnoid mater?

A

Choroid

25
Q

What are the layers of the cornea?

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Bowman’s layer
  3. Stroma
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. Endothelium
26
Q

How do each of the extraocular eye muscles move the eye?

A
27
Q

How are the extraocular muscles clinically tested?

A
28
Q
A

The ora serrata is the serrated junction between the retina and the ciliary body. This junction marks the transition from the simple, non-photosensitive area of the ciliary body to the complex, multi-layered, photosensitive region of the retina

29
Q
A
30
Q
A
31
Q
A
32
Q
A
33
Q

What are 3 functions of the ciliary body?

A
  1. Production of aqueous humour
  2. Support for the iris and lens
  3. Accommodation and focusing (ciliary body)
  4. Drainage of aqueous at the angle of the anterior chamber
34
Q
A
35
Q

What are the five types of bones?

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
  5. Sesamoid
36
Q

What type of joint is the superior radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot

37
Q

What type of joint is the humeroradial joint?

A

Ball and socket

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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